解剖图

下图显示了组成一个图的几个matplotlib元素的名称。

解剖图

  1. import numpy as np
  2. import matplotlib.pyplot as plt
  3. from matplotlib.ticker import AutoMinorLocator, MultipleLocator, FuncFormatter
  5. np.random.seed(19680801)
  7. X = np.linspace(0.5, 3.5, 100)
  8. Y1 = 3+np.cos(X)
  9. Y2 = 1+np.cos(1+X/0.75)/2
  10. Y3 = np.random.uniform(Y1, Y2, len(X))
  12. fig = plt.figure(figsize=(8, 8))
  13. ax = fig.add_subplot(1, 1, 1, aspect=1)
  16. def minor_tick(x, pos):
  17.     if not x % 1.0:
  18.         return ""
  19.     return "%.2f" % x
  21. ax.xaxis.set_major_locator(MultipleLocator(1.000))
  22. ax.xaxis.set_minor_locator(AutoMinorLocator(4))
  23. ax.yaxis.set_major_locator(MultipleLocator(1.000))
  24. ax.yaxis.set_minor_locator(AutoMinorLocator(4))
  25. ax.xaxis.set_minor_formatter(FuncFormatter(minor_tick))
  27. ax.set_xlim(0, 4)
  28. ax.set_ylim(0, 4)
  30. ax.tick_params(which='major', width=1.0)
  31. ax.tick_params(which='major', length=10)
  32. ax.tick_params(which='minor', width=1.0, labelsize=10)
  33. ax.tick_params(which='minor', length=5, labelsize=10, labelcolor='0.25')
  35. ax.grid(linestyle="--", linewidth=0.5, color='.25', zorder=-10)
  37. ax.plot(X, Y1, c=(0.25, 0.25, 1.00), lw=2, label="Blue signal", zorder=10)
  38. ax.plot(X, Y2, c=(1.00, 0.25, 0.25), lw=2, label="Red signal")
  39. ax.plot(X, Y3, linewidth=0,
  40.         marker='o', markerfacecolor='w', markeredgecolor='k')
  42. ax.set_title("Anatomy of a figure", fontsize=20, verticalalignment='bottom')
  43. ax.set_xlabel("X axis label")
  44. ax.set_ylabel("Y axis label")
  46. ax.legend()
  49. def circle(x, y, radius=0.15):
  50.     from matplotlib.patches import Circle
  51.     from matplotlib.patheffects import withStroke
  52.     circle = Circle((x, y), radius, clip_on=False, zorder=10, linewidth=1,
  53.                     edgecolor='black', facecolor=(0, 0, 0, .0125),
  54.                     path_effects=[withStroke(linewidth=5, foreground='w')])
  55.     ax.add_artist(circle)
  58. def text(x, y, text):
  59.     ax.text(x, y, text, backgroundcolor="white",
  60.             ha='center', va='top', weight='bold', color='blue')
  63. # Minor tick
  64. circle(0.50, -0.10)
  65. text(0.50, -0.32, "Minor tick label")
  67. # Major tick
  68. circle(-0.03, 4.00)
  69. text(0.03, 3.80, "Major tick")
  71. # Minor tick
  72. circle(0.00, 3.50)
  73. text(0.00, 3.30, "Minor tick")
  75. # Major tick label
  76. circle(-0.15, 3.00)
  77. text(-0.15, 2.80, "Major tick label")
  79. # X Label
  80. circle(1.80, -0.27)
  81. text(1.80, -0.45, "X axis label")
  83. # Y Label
  84. circle(-0.27, 1.80)
  85. text(-0.27, 1.6, "Y axis label")
  87. # Title
  88. circle(1.60, 4.13)
  89. text(1.60, 3.93, "Title")
  91. # Blue plot
  92. circle(1.75, 2.80)
  93. text(1.75, 2.60, "Line\n(line plot)")
  95. # Red plot
  96. circle(1.20, 0.60)
  97. text(1.20, 0.40, "Line\n(line plot)")
  99. # Scatter plot
  100. circle(3.20, 1.75)
  101. text(3.20, 1.55, "Markers\n(scatter plot)")
  103. # Grid
  104. circle(3.00, 3.00)
  105. text(3.00, 2.80, "Grid")
  107. # Legend
  108. circle(3.70, 3.80)
  109. text(3.70, 3.60, "Legend")
  111. # Axes
  112. circle(0.5, 0.5)
  113. text(0.5, 0.3, "Axes")
  115. # Figure
  116. circle(-0.3, 0.65)
  117. text(-0.3, 0.45, "Figure")
  119. color = 'blue'
  120. ax.annotate('Spines', xy=(4.0, 0.35), xycoords='data',
  121.             xytext=(3.3, 0.5), textcoords='data',
  122.             weight='bold', color=color,
  123.             arrowprops=dict(arrowstyle='->',
  124.                             connectionstyle="arc3",
  125.                             color=color))
  127. ax.annotate('', xy=(3.15, 0.0), xycoords='data',
  128.             xytext=(3.45, 0.45), textcoords='data',
  129.             weight='bold', color=color,
  130.             arrowprops=dict(arrowstyle='->',
  131.                             connectionstyle="arc3",
  132.                             color=color))
  134. ax.text(4.0, -0.4, "Made with http://matplotlib.org",
  135.         fontsize=10, ha="right", color='.5')
  137. plt.show()

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