使用线、日期、文本创建时间轴图

如何使用Matplotlib发布日期创建简单的时间轴。

可以使用日期和文本的集合创建时间轴。在本例中，我们将展示如何使用Matplotlib最新版本的日期创建一个简单的时间轴。首先，我们将从GitHub中提取数据。

  1. import matplotlib.pyplot as plt
  2. import numpy as np
  3. import matplotlib.dates as mdates
  4. from datetime import datetime
  6. # A list of Matplotlib releases and their dates
  7. # Taken from https://api.github.com/repos/matplotlib/matplotlib/releases
  8. names = ['v2.2.2', 'v2.2.1', 'v2.2.0', 'v2.1.2', 'v2.1.1', 'v2.1.0', 'v2.0.2',
  9.          'v2.0.1', 'v2.0.0', 'v1.5.3', 'v1.5.2', 'v1.5.1', 'v1.5.0', 'v1.4.3',
  10.          'v1.4.2', 'v1.4.1', 'v1.4.0']
  12. dates = ['2018-03-17T03:00:07Z', '2018-03-16T22:06:39Z',
  13.          '2018-03-06T12:53:32Z', '2018-01-18T04:56:47Z',
  14.          '2017-12-10T04:47:38Z', '2017-10-07T22:35:12Z',
  15.          '2017-05-10T02:11:15Z', '2017-05-02T01:59:49Z',
  16.          '2017-01-17T02:59:36Z', '2016-09-09T03:00:52Z',
  17.          '2016-07-03T15:52:01Z', '2016-01-10T22:38:50Z',
  18.          '2015-10-29T21:40:23Z', '2015-02-16T04:22:54Z',
  19.          '2014-10-26T03:24:13Z', '2014-10-18T18:56:23Z',
  20.          '2014-08-26T21:06:04Z']
  21. dates = [datetime.strptime(ii, "%Y-%m-%dT%H:%M:%SZ") for ii in dates]

接下来，我们将遍历每个日期并将其绘制在水平线上。我们将为文本添加一些样式，以便重叠不那么严重。

请注意，Matplotlib将自动绘制日期时间输入。

  1. levels = np.array([-5, 5, -3, 3, -1, 1])
  2. fig, ax = plt.subplots(figsize=(8, 5))
  4. # Create the base line
  5. start = min(dates)
  6. stop = max(dates)
  7. ax.plot((start, stop), (0, 0), 'k', alpha=.5)
  9. # Iterate through releases annotating each one
  10. for ii, (iname, idate) in enumerate(zip(names, dates)):
  11.     level = levels[ii % 6]
  12.     vert = 'top' if level < 0 else 'bottom'
  14.     ax.scatter(idate, 0, s=100, facecolor='w', edgecolor='k', zorder=9999)
  15.     # Plot a line up to the text
  16.     ax.plot((idate, idate), (0, level), c='r', alpha=.7)
  17.     # Give the text a faint background and align it properly
  18.     ax.text(idate, level, iname,
  19.             horizontalalignment='right', verticalalignment=vert, fontsize=14,
  20.             backgroundcolor=(1., 1., 1., .3))
  21. ax.set(title="Matplotlib release dates")
  22. # Set the xticks formatting
  23. # format xaxis with 3 month intervals
  24. ax.get_xaxis().set_major_locator(mdates.MonthLocator(interval=3))
  25. ax.get_xaxis().set_major_formatter(mdates.DateFormatter("%b %Y"))
  26. fig.autofmt_xdate()
  28. # Remove components for a cleaner look
  29. plt.setp((ax.get_yticklabels() + ax.get_yticklines() +
  30.           list(ax.spines.values())), visible=False)
  31. plt.show()

时间轴图图例

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