URL中的参数

视图

book.views

from django.shortcuts import render
from django.http import HttpResponse
# http://127.0.0.1:8000/book
def book(request):
    return HttpResponse("图书首页")
# http://127.0.0.1:8000/book/2
def book_id(request, book_id):
    return HttpResponse("图书的id %s" % (book_id))
# http://127.0.0.1:8000/book_detail/2
def book_detail(request, book_id, cate_id):
    return HttpResponse("图书的id %s, 分类的id %s" % (book_id, cate_id))
# http://127.0.0.1:8000/book_list/?id=2
# http://127.0.0.1:8000/book_list/?id=2&cid=2
def book_list(request):
    # print(type(request))
    book_id = request.GET.get('id')
    cate_id = request.GET.get('cid')
    # cate_id = request.GET['cid']
    return HttpResponse("图书的id %s 分类的id %s " % (book_id, cate_id))

路由

主路由

from django.contrib import admin
from django.urls import path, include
from book import views as bviews
from django.http import HttpResponse
def index(request):
    return HttpResponse("Hello Django")
urlpatterns = [
    path('admin/', admin.site.urls),
    path('', index),
    path('book/', bviews.book),
    path('book/<book_id>', bviews.book_id),
    path('book_detail/<book_id>/<cate_id>', bviews.book_detail),
    path("book_list/", bviews.book_list),
]

总结

参数有2种方式传入：
1.url中，传出方式在函数参数

2.问号后，传出方式在request.GET.get
此种方式要传递多个参数，可用符号&

URL模块化

视图

book.urls

from django.urls import path
from . import views
urlpatterns = [
    path('', views.book),
    path('<book_id>', views.book_id),
    path('book_detail/<book_id>/<cate_id>', views.book_detail),
    path("book_list/", views.book_list),
]

主路由

主urls

from django.contrib import admin
from django.urls import path, include
from django.http import HttpResponse
def index(request):
    return HttpResponse("Hello Django")
urlpatterns = [
    path('admin/', admin.site.urls),
    path('', index),
    # 子模块
    path("book/", include("book.urls")),
]

访问方式

【Django内置转换器】

int 
str 
uuid 
path

修改路由

打印参数类型

url命名与反转

url命名的好处：解耦(url可改动，view可不改动)

1.基本

1.1创建多个app

django-admin startapp cms
django-admin startapp front

1.2配置cms

视图

from django.shortcuts import render
from django.http import HttpResponse
# http://127.0.0.1:8000/cms/
def index(request):
    return HttpResponse("后台首页")
# http://127.0.0.1:8000/cms/login/
def login(request):
    return HttpResponse("后台登录页面")

路由

from django.urls import path
from . import views
# 应用命名空间
app_name = "cms"
urlpatterns = [
    path("", views.index, name="index"),
    path("login/", views.login, name='login'),
]

主路由

urlpatterns = [
    # 子模块
    path("cms/", include("cms.urls")),
]

配置是否成功

1.3.配置front

视图

from django.shortcuts import render, redirect, reverse
from django.http import HttpResponse
def index(request):
    username = request.GET.get("username")
    if username:
         # http://127.0.0.1:8000/front?username='ecithy'
        return HttpResponse("前台首页")
    else:
        # 重定向
        # return redirect('singin/')
        # 跳转到http://127.0.0.1:8000/front/signin
        return redirect(reverse('front:login'))
        # url反转 传参
        # return redirect(reverse('front:article', kwargs={"article_id": 2}))
        # return redirect(reverse('front:login') + "?name=juran")
# http://127.0.0.1:8000/front/signin/
def login(request):
    name = request.GET.get('name')
    return HttpResponse("前台登录页面 %s" % name)

路由

from django.urls import path
from . import views
# 应用命名空间
app_name = "front"
urlpatterns = [
    # name 给URL起了一个名字
    path("", views.index, name='index'),
    path("signin/", views.login, name="login"),
]

主路由

urlpatterns = [
    path("front/", include("front.urls")),
]

配置是否成功

1.4.URL反转传参

front.urls

path("article/<article_id>", views.article, name="article"),

参数类型1

front.views

def index(request):
    username = request.GET.get("username")
    if username:
        # http://127.0.0.1:8000/front?username='ecithy'
        return HttpResponse("前台首页")
    else:
        # url反转 传参
        # 访问   http://127.0.0.1:8000/front
        # 跳转到 http://127.0.0.1:8000/front/article/2
        return redirect(reverse('front:article', kwargs={"article_id": 2}))
def article(request, article_id):
    return HttpResponse("文章的id %s" % article_id)

参数类型2

front.views

def index(request):
    username = request.GET.get("username")
    if username:
        # http://127.0.0.1:8000/front?username='ecithy'
        return HttpResponse("前台首页")
    else:
        # url反转 传参
        # 访问   http://127.0.0.1:8000/front
        # 跳转到 http://127.0.0.1:8000/front/signin/?name=ecithy
        return redirect(reverse('front:login') + "?name=ecithy")
def article(request, article_id):
    return HttpResponse("文章的id %s" % article_id)

2.namespace

一般不用，作为了解

主路由

视图

from django.shortcuts import render
from django.http import HttpResponse
def index(request):
    current_namespace = request.resolver_match.namespace
    print(current_namespace)
    return HttpResponse("后台首页")
def login(request):
    return HttpResponse("后台登录页面")

浏览器访问效果

先后访问
http://127.0.0.1:8000/cms/
http://127.0.0.1:8000/cms1/
http://127.0.0.1:8000/cms2/

3.默认参数

新建app

django-admin startapp article

配置app

视图

article.views

from django.urls import path, re_path
from django.conf.urls import url
from . import views
urlpatterns = [
    # path("", views.index),
    # 默认参数
    path("page/", views.page),
    # 传的参数
    path("page/<page_num>", views.page),
]

路由

article.urls

from django.urls import path, re_path
from django.conf.urls import url
from . import views
urlpatterns = [
    # path("", views.index),
    # 默认参数
    path("page/", views.page),
    # 传的参数
    path("page/<page_num>", views.page),
]

主路由

path("article/", include("article.urls")),

配置是否成功

4.url/re_path函数

作用

URL支持正则语法

原理

从django源码可知，url与re_path函数一样，可能是搞版本为了兼容，或者改名重新封装了原函数。

视图

article.views

def article_year(request, year):
    return HttpResponse("年份是 %s " % year)
def article_month(request, month):
    return HttpResponse("月份是 %s " % month)

路由

article.urls

    re_path(r"article_year/(?P<year>\d{4})$", views.article_year),
    re_path(r"article_year/(?P<month>\d{2})", views.article_month)