一、@Getter and @Setter
使用@Getter和/或@Setter注释任何字段,以使lombok自动生成默认的getter / setter。
默认的getter只是返回该字段,如果该字段被称为foo,则名为getFoo(如果该字段的类型为boolean,则为isFoo)。
默认生成的 getter / setter方法是公共的,除非你明确指定一个AccessLevel。合法访问级别为PUBLIC,PROTECTED,PACKAGE和PRIVATE。
你还可以在类上添加@Getter和/或@Setter注释。在这种情况下,就好像你使用该注释来注释该类中的所有非静态字段一样。
你始终可以使用特殊的AccessLevel.NONE访问级别来手动禁用任何字段的getter / setter生成。这使你可以覆盖类上的@Getter,@Setter或@Data注释的行为。
With Lombok:
import lombok.AccessLevel;import lombok.Getter;import lombok.Setter;public class GetterSetterExample {@Getter@Setterprivate int age = 10;@Setter(AccessLevel.PROTECTED)private String name;@Overridepublic String toString() {return String.format("%s (age: %d)", name, age);}}
Native Java:
public class GetterSetterExample {private int age = 10;private String name;@Overridepublic String toString() {return String.format("%s (age: %d)", name, age);}public int getAge() {return age;}public void setAge(int age) {this.age = age;}protected void setName(String name) {this.name = name;}}
二、@ToString
任何类定义都可以使用@ToString注释,以使lombok生成toString()方法的实现。
默认情况下,将打印所有非静态字段。如果要跳过某些字段,可以使用@ ToString.Exclude注释这些字段。或者,可以通过使用@ToString(onlyExplicitlyIncluded = true),然后使用@ToString.Include标记要包含的每个字段,来确切指定希望使用的字段。
通过将callSuper设置为true,可以将toString的超类实现的输出包含到输出中。请注意,java.lang.Object中toString() 的默认实现几乎毫无意义。
With Lombok:
import lombok.ToString;@ToStringpublic class ToStringExample {private static final int STATIC_VAR = 10;private String name;private Shape shape = new Square(5, 10);private String[] tags;@ToString.Excludeprivate int id;public String getName() {return this.name;}@ToString(callSuper=true, includeFieldNames=true)public static class Square extends Shape {private final int width, height;public Square(int width, int height) {this.width = width;this.height = height;}}}
Native Java:
import java.util.Arrays;public class ToStringExample {private static final int STATIC_VAR = 10;private String name;private Shape shape = new Square(5, 10);private String[] tags;private int id;public String getName() {return this.name;}public static class Square extends Shape {private final int width, height;public Square(int width, int height) {this.width = width;this.height = height;}@Overridepublic String toString() {return "Square(super=" + super.toString() + ", width=" + this.width + ", height=" + this.height + ")";}}@Overridepublic String toString() {return "ToStringExample(" + this.getName() + ", " + this.shape + ", " + Arrays.deepToString(this.tags) + ")";}}
三、@EqualsAndHashCode
任何类定义都可以使用@EqualsAndHashCode进行注释,以使lombok生成equals(Object other)和hashCode()方法的实现。默认情况下,它将使用所有非静态,非瞬态字段,但是您可以通过使用@EqualsAndHashCode.Include标记类型成员来修改使用哪些字段(甚至指定要使用各种方法的输出)。 @EqualsAndHashCode.Exclude。或者,可以通过使用@ EqualsAndHashCode.Include标记并使用@EqualsAndHashCode(onlyExplicitlyIncluded = true)来精确指定要使用的字段或方法。
如果将@EqualsAndHashCode应用于扩展另一个类的类,则此功能会有些棘手。通常,为此类自动生成equals和hashCode方法是一个坏主意,因为超类还定义了字段,该字段也需要equals / hashCode代码,但不会生成此代码。通过将callSuper设置为true,可以在生成的方法中包括超类的equals和hashCode方法。
With Lombok:
import lombok.EqualsAndHashCode;@EqualsAndHashCodepublic class EqualsAndHashCodeExample {private transient int transientVar = 10;private String name;private double score;@EqualsAndHashCode.Excludeprivate Shape shape = new Square(5, 10);private String[] tags;@EqualsAndHashCode.Excludeprivate int id;public String getName() {return this.name;}@EqualsAndHashCode(callSuper=true)public static class Square extends Shape {private final int width, height;public Square(int width, int height) {this.width = width;this.height = height;}}}
Native Java:
import java.util.Arrays;public class EqualsAndHashCodeExample {private transient int transientVar = 10;private String name;private double score;private Shape shape = new Square(5, 10);private String[] tags;private int id;public String getName() {return this.name;}@Overridepublic boolean equals(Object o) {if (o == this) return true;if (!(o instanceof EqualsAndHashCodeExample)) return false;EqualsAndHashCodeExample other = (EqualsAndHashCodeExample) o;if (!other.canEqual((Object)this)) return false;if (this.getName() == null ? other.getName() != null : !this.getName().equals(other.getName())) return false;if (Double.compare(this.score, other.score) != 0) return false;if (!Arrays.deepEquals(this.tags, other.tags)) return false;return true;}@Overridepublic int hashCode() {final int PRIME = 59;int result = 1;final long temp1 = Double.doubleToLongBits(this.score);result = (result*PRIME) + (this.name == null ? 43 : this.name.hashCode());result = (result*PRIME) + (int)(temp1 ^ (temp1 >>> 32));result = (result*PRIME) + Arrays.deepHashCode(this.tags);return result;}protected boolean canEqual(Object other) {return other instanceof EqualsAndHashCodeExample;}public static class Square extends Shape {private final int width, height;public Square(int width, int height) {this.width = width;this.height = height;}@Overridepublic boolean equals(Object o) {if (o == this) return true;if (!(o instanceof Square)) return false;Square other = (Square) o;if (!other.canEqual((Object)this)) return false;if (!super.equals(o)) return false;if (this.width != other.width) return false;if (this.height != other.height) return false;return true;}@Overridepublic int hashCode() {final int PRIME = 59;int result = 1;result = (result*PRIME) + super.hashCode();result = (result*PRIME) + this.width;result = (result*PRIME) + this.height;return result;}protected boolean canEqual(Object other) {return other instanceof Square;}}}
四、@AllArgsConstructor、@RequiredArgsConstructor,@NoArgsConstructor
@NoArgsConstructor将生成没有参数的构造函数。如果字段由final修饰,则将导致编译器错误,除非使用@NoArgsConstructor(force = true),否则所有final字段都将初始化为0 / false / null。对于具有约束的字段(例如@NonNull字段),不会生成任何检查。@RequiredArgsConstructor为每个需要特殊处理的字段生成一个带有1个参数的构造函数。所有未初始化的final字段都会获取一个参数,以及所有未声明其位置的未标记为@NonNull的字段。@AllArgsConstructor为类中的每个字段生成一个带有1个参数的构造函数。标有@NonNull的字段将对这些参数进行空检查。
With Lombok:
import lombok.AccessLevel;import lombok.RequiredArgsConstructor;import lombok.AllArgsConstructor;import lombok.NonNull;@RequiredArgsConstructor(staticName = "of")@AllArgsConstructor(access = AccessLevel.PROTECTED)public class ConstructorExample<T> {private int x, y;@NonNullprivate T description;@NoArgsConstructorpublic static class NoArgsExample {@NonNullprivate String field;}}
Native Java:
public class ConstructorExample<T> {private int x, y;@NonNullprivate T description;private ConstructorExample(T description) {if (description == null) throw new NullPointerException("description");this.description = description;}public static <T> ConstructorExample<T> of(T description) {return new ConstructorExample<T>(description);}@java.beans.ConstructorProperties({"x", "y", "description"})protected ConstructorExample(int x, int y, T description) {if (description == null) throw new NullPointerException("description");this.x = x;this.y = y;this.description = description;}public static class NoArgsExample {@NonNullprivate String field;public NoArgsExample() {}}}
五、@Data
@Data是一个方便的快捷方式批注,它将@ToString,@EqualsAndHashCode,@ Getter / @Setter和@RequiredArgsConstructor的功能捆绑在一起:换句话说,@Data生成通常与简单POJO关联的所有样板(普通的旧Java对象)和bean:所有字段的getter,所有非final字段的setter,以及涉及类字段的适当的toString,equals和hashCode实现,以及初始化所有final字段以及所有非final字段的构造函数没有使用@NonNull标记的初始化程序,以确保该字段永远不会为null。
With Lombok:
import lombok.AccessLevel;import lombok.Setter;import lombok.Data;import lombok.ToString;@Datapublic class DataExample {private final String name;@Setter(AccessLevel.PACKAGE)private int age;private double score;private String[] tags;@ToString(includeFieldNames=true)@Data(staticConstructor="of")public static class Exercise<T> {private final String name;private final T value;}}
Native Java:
import java.util.Arrays;public class DataExample {private final String name;private int age;private double score;private String[] tags;public DataExample(String name) {this.name = name;}public String getName() {return this.name;}void setAge(int age) {this.age = age;}public int getAge() {return this.age;}public void setScore(double score) {this.score = score;}public double getScore() {return this.score;}public String[] getTags() {return this.tags;}public void setTags(String[] tags) {this.tags = tags;}@Overridepublic String toString() {return "DataExample(" + this.getName() + ", " + this.getAge() + ", " + this.getScore() + ", " + Arrays.deepToString(this.getTags()) + ")";}protected boolean canEqual(Object other) {return other instanceof DataExample;}@Overridepublic boolean equals(Object o) {if (o == this) return true;if (!(o instanceof DataExample)) return false;DataExample other = (DataExample) o;if (!other.canEqual((Object)this)) return false;if (this.getName() == null ? other.getName() != null : !this.getName().equals(other.getName())) return false;if (this.getAge() != other.getAge()) return false;if (Double.compare(this.getScore(), other.getScore()) != 0) return false;if (!Arrays.deepEquals(this.getTags(), other.getTags())) return false;return true;}@Overridepublic int hashCode() {final int PRIME = 59;int result = 1;final long temp1 = Double.doubleToLongBits(this.getScore());result = (result*PRIME) + (this.getName() == null ? 43 : this.getName().hashCode());result = (result*PRIME) + this.getAge();result = (result*PRIME) + (int)(temp1 ^ (temp1 >>> 32));result = (result*PRIME) + Arrays.deepHashCode(this.getTags());return result;}public static class Exercise<T> {private final String name;private final T value;private Exercise(String name, T value) {this.name = name;this.value = value;}public static <T> Exercise<T> of(String name, T value) {return new Exercise<T>(name, value);}public String getName() {return this.name;}public T getValue() {return this.value;}@Overridepublic String toString() {return "Exercise(name=" + this.getName() + ", value=" + this.getValue() + ")";}protected boolean canEqual(Object other) {return other instanceof Exercise;}@Overridepublic boolean equals(Object o) {if (o == this) return true;if (!(o instanceof Exercise)) return false;Exercise<?> other = (Exercise<?>) o;if (!other.canEqual((Object)this)) return false;if (this.getName() == null ? other.getValue() != null : !this.getName().equals(other.getName())) return false;if (this.getValue() == null ? other.getValue() != null : !this.getValue().equals(other.getValue())) return false;return true;}@Overridepublic int hashCode() {final int PRIME = 59;int result = 1;result = (result*PRIME) + (this.getName() == null ? 43 : this.getName().hashCode());result = (result*PRIME) + (this.getValue() == null ? 43 : this.getValue().hashCode());return result;}}}
六、@Value
@Value注解和@Data类似,区别在于它会把所有成员变量默认定义为private final修饰,并且不会生成set方法。
七、@Builder
构建者模式
只能标注到类上,将生成类的一个当前流程的一种链式构造工厂,如下:
User buildUser = User.builder().username("riemann").password("123").build();
可配合@Singular注解使用,@Singular注解使用在jdk内部集合类型的属性,Map类型的属性以及Guava的com.google.common.collect 的属性上。例如 未标注@Singular的属性,一般setter时,会直接覆盖原来的引用,标注了@Singular的属性,集合属性支持添加操作,会在属性原来的基础上增加。
With Lombok:
import lombok.Builder;import lombok.Singular;import java.util.Set;@Builderpublic class BuilderExample {@Builder.Defaultprivate long created = System.currentTimeMillis();private String name;private int age;@Singularprivate Set<String> occupations;}
Native Java:
import java.util.Set;public class BuilderExample {private long created;private String name;private int age;private Set<String> occupations;BuilderExample(String name, int age, Set<String> occupations) {this.name = name;this.age = age;this.occupations = occupations;}private static long $default$created() {return System.currentTimeMillis();}public static BuilderExampleBuilder builder() {return new BuilderExampleBuilder();}public static class BuilderExampleBuilder {private long created;private boolean created$set;private String name;private int age;private java.util.ArrayList<String> occupations;BuilderExampleBuilder() {}public BuilderExampleBuilder created(long created) {this.created = created;this.created$set = true;return this;}public BuilderExampleBuilder name(String name) {this.name = name;return this;}public BuilderExampleBuilder age(int age) {this.age = age;return this;}public BuilderExampleBuilder occupation(String occupation) {if (this.occupations == null) {this.occupations = new java.util.ArrayList<String>();}this.occupations.add(occupation);return this;}public BuilderExampleBuilder occupations(Collection<? extends String> occupations) {if (this.occupations == null) {this.occupations = new java.util.ArrayList<String>();}this.occupations.addAll(occupations);return this;}public BuilderExampleBuilder clearOccupations() {if (this.occupations != null) {this.occupations.clear();}return this;}public BuilderExample build() {// complicated switch statement to produce a compact properly sized immutable set omitted.Set<String> occupations = ...;return new BuilderExample(created$set ? created : BuilderExample.$default$created(), name, age, occupations);}@java.lang.Overridepublic String toString() {return "BuilderExample.BuilderExampleBuilder(created = " + this.created + ", name = " + this.name + ", age = " + this.age + ", occupations = " + this.occupations + ")";}}}
八、@Accessors
链式风格@Accessors批注用于配置lombok如何生成和查找getter和setter。
默认情况下,lombok遵循针对getter和setter的bean规范:例如,名为Pepper的字段的getter是getPepper。但是,有些人可能希望打破bean规范,以得到更好看的API。 @Accessors允许您执行此操作。
可标注在类或属性上,当然最实用的功能还是标注到类上。
标注到类上,chain属性设置为true时,类的所有属性的setter方法返回值将为this,用来支持setter方法的链式写法。如:
new User().setUsername("riemann").setPassword("123");
fluent属性设置为true时,类的所有getter,setter方法将省略get和set前缀,获取属性值直接使用属性名相同的无参方法,设置属性值使用属性名相同的有参方法,并且返回值为this。如:
User user = new User().username("riemann").password("123");String username = user.username();String password = user.password();
标注到属性上,使用prefix设置需要省略的属性生成getter,setter方法时的前缀,且属性必须为驼峰式命名。
@Accessors(prefix = "r")@Getter@Setterprivate String rUsername = "riemann";
编译之后为
public String getUsername() {return rUsername;}public void setUsername(String rUsername) {this.rUsername = rUsername;}
九、@Slf4j and @Log4j
在需要打印日志的类中使用,项目中使用slf4j、log4j日志框架
十、@NonNull
该注解快速判断是否为空,为空抛出java.lang.NullPointerException。
十一、@Synchronized
注解自动添加到同步机制,生成的代码并不是直接锁方法,而是锁代码块, 作用范围是方法上。
十二、@Cleanup
注解用于确保已分配的资源被释放(IO的连接关闭)。
