常见备份方式
    1.热备
    2.rman备份
    示例热备及恢复
    3.查看systaux空间内容
    1.热备

    1. SQL> alter   tablespace   sysaux   begin backup;                                                                                      
    3. Tablespace altered. 
    4. [oracle@instance-ej1hspdt ~]$ cp /opt/oracle/oradata/ORCLCDB/sysaux01.dbf /backup/ 
    5. SQL> alter   tablespace   sysaux   end  backup;                                                                                       
    7. Tablespace altered.   
    8. ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
    9. 恢复示例
    10. rm /opt/oracle/oradata/ORCLCDB/sysaux01.dbf  
    11. SQL> shutdown abort;                                                                                                                  
    12. ORACLE instance shut down.  
    13. [oracle@instance-ej1hspdt ORCLCDB]$ cp /backup/sysaux01.dbf  /opt/oracle/oradata/ORCLCDB/   
    15. SQL> startup   mount;                                                                                                                                     
    16. SQL> recover tablespace sysaux ;                                                                                                      
    17. Media recovery complete.                                                                                                              
    18. SQL> alter  database  open ;                                                                                                          
    20. Database altered.

    2.rman 备份恢复

    1. RMAN> backup   tablespace   sysaux;                                                                                                   
    3. Starting backup at 31-JUL-19                                                                                                          
    4. using target database control file instead of recovery catalog                                                                        
    5. allocated channel: ORA_DISK_1                                                                                                         
    6. channel ORA_DISK_1: SID=262 device type=DISK                                                                                          
    7. channel ORA_DISK_1: starting datafile copy                                                                                            
    8. input datafile file number=00003 name=/opt/oracle/oradata/ORCLCDB/sysaux01.dbf                                                        
    9. output file name=/opt/oracle/fast_recovery_area/ORCLCDB/datafile/o1_mf_sysaux_gn1yx2kx_.dbf tag=TAG20190731T102330 RECID=27 STAMP=1015
    10. 064657                                                                                                                                
    11. channel ORA_DISK_1: datafile copy complete, elapsed time: 00:00:55                                                                    
    12. Finished backup at 31-JUL-19                                                                                                          
    14. Starting Control File and SPFILE Autobackup at 31-JUL-19                                                                              
    15. piece handle=/opt/oracle/fast_recovery_area/ORCLCDB/autobackup/2019_07_31/o1_mf_s_1015064665_gn1yyt1m_.bkp comment=NONE               
    16. Finished Control File and SPFILE Autobackup at 31-JUL-19     
    19. [oracle@instance-ej1hspdt ORCLCDB]$ rm /opt/oracle/oradata/ORCLCDB/sysaux01.dbf 
    20. RMAN> restore  tablespace   sysaux;
    21. RMAN> recover  tablespace   sysaux;                                                                                                   
    22. RMAN> alter database open ;

    3.查看systaux空间内容

    1. Enterprise Manager Repository