oracle 单实例快速安装

1.修改linux透明大页（根据Oracle官方说法，此操作可以提升Oracle性能）

要检查是否已启用Transparent HugePage

cat /sys/kernel/mm/redhat_transparent_hugepage/enabled
或
cat /sys/kernel/mm/transparent_hugepage/enabled

以下是一个示例输出，显示正在使用透明HugePages，因为[always]标志已启用。

[always] never

查看要禁用透明HugePages：

1. 对于Oracle Linux 7和Red Hat Enterprise Linux 7，在文件中添加或修改transparent_hugepage = never参数/etc/default/grub：

   transparent_hugepage=never

   例如：

   RUB_TIMEOUT=5
   GRUB_DISTRIBUTOR="$(sed 's, release .*$,,g' /etc/system-release)"
   GRUB_DEFAULT=saved
   GRUB_DISABLE_SUBMENU=true
   GRUB_TERMINAL_OUTPUT="console"
   GRUB_CMDLINE_LINUX="crashkernel=auto rhgb quiet numa=off transparent_hugepage=never"
   GRUB_DISABLE_RECOVERY="true"

   注意：
   文件名可能因操作系统而异。检查操作系统文档以获取确切的文件名和禁用透明HugePages的步骤。
   运行该grub2–mkconfig命令以重新生成该grub.cfg文件。

   # grub2-mkconfig -o /boot/grub2/grub.cfg

   重新启动系统以使更改成为永久更改
   配置标准大页：
   kb为单位

   cat /proc/meminfo
   Hugepagesize:       2048 kB

   设置启动分配内存大小
   400为800M内存，通过400*上面2048得到 ``` vi /etc/sysctl.d/99-oracle-database-preinstall-19c-sysctl.conf 或者 /etc/sysctl.conf

vm.nr_hugepages = 400

重启系统生效
使用oracle推荐脚本计算内存大页大小<br />uname  -r 确定操作系统内核，以4.14为例如下下列脚本中没有则'2.6'|'3.8'|'4.14'追加内核选项

4.14.35-2047.500.10.el7uek.x86_64

```
#!/bin/bash
#
# hugepages_settings.sh
#
# Linux bash script to compute values for the
# recommended HugePages/HugeTLB configuration
#
# Note: This script does calculation for all shared memory
# segments available when the script is run, no matter it
# is an Oracle RDBMS shared memory segment or not.
# Check for the kernel version
KERN=`uname -r | awk -F. '{ printf("%d.%d\n",$1,$2); }'`
# Find out the HugePage size
HPG_SZ=`grep Hugepagesize /proc/meminfo | awk {'print $2'}`
# Start from 1 pages to be on the safe side and guarantee 1 free HugePage
NUM_PG=1
# Cumulative number of pages required to handle the running shared memory segments
for SEG_BYTES in `ipcs -m | awk {'print $5'} | grep "[0-9][0-9]*"`
do
   MIN_PG=`echo "$SEG_BYTES/($HPG_SZ*1024)" | bc -q`
   if [ $MIN_PG -gt 0 ]; then
      NUM_PG=`echo "$NUM_PG+$MIN_PG+1" | bc -q`
   fi
done
# Finish with results
case $KERN in
   '2.4') HUGETLB_POOL=`echo "$NUM_PG*$HPG_SZ/1024" | bc -q`;
          echo "Recommended setting: vm.hugetlb_pool = $HUGETLB_POOL" ;;
   '2.6'|'3.8'|'4.14') echo "Recommended setting: vm.nr_hugepages = $NUM_PG" ;;
    *) echo "Unrecognized kernel version $KERN. Exiting." ;;
esac
# End

2.安装 oracle yum 源 or oracle 预安装rpm

wget http://public-yum.oracle.com/public-yum-ol7.repo -O /etc/yum.repos.d/public-yum-ol7.repo
yum  install oracle-database-preinstall-19c
ol7     12cR2
yum install https://yum.oracle.com/repo/OracleLinux/OL7/latest/x86_64/getPackageSource/oracle-database-server-12cR2-preinstall-1.0-5.el7.src.rpm
ol7    19c
yum install https://yum.oracle.com/repo/OracleLinux/OL7/latest/x86_64/getPackageSource/oracle-database-preinstall-19c-1.0-3.el7.src.rpm
ol7     21c
yum   install https://yum.oracle.com/repo/OracleLinux/OL7/latest/x86_64/getPackageSource/oracle-database-preinstall-21c-1.0-1.el7.src.rpm
centos8 19c
dnf install     https://yum.oracle.com/repo/OracleLinux/OL8/appstream/x86_64/getPackage/oracle-database-preinstall-19c-1.0-2.el8.x86_64.rpm
centos8  21c
dnf install    https://yum.oracle.com/repo/OracleLinux/OL8/appstream/x86_64/getPackage/oracle-database-preinstall-21c-1.0-1.el8.x86_64.rpm

3.设置hosts文件ip

[oracle@instance-ej1hspdt ~]$ cat /etc/hosts                                  
127.0.0.1   localhost localhost.localdomain localhost4 localhost4.localdomain4
::1         localhost localhost.localdomain localhost6 localhost6.localdomain6
172.16.0.4 instance-ej1hspdt instance-ej1hspdt.novalocal

4.设置防火墙和selinux

[root@instance-ej1hspdt ~]# systemctl stop firewalld  
[root@instance-ej1hspdt ~]# cat /etc/selinux/config                           
# This file controls the state of SELinux on the system.                      
# SELINUX= can take one of these three values:                                
#     enforcing - SELinux security policy is enforced.                        
#     permissive - SELinux prints warnings instead of enforcing.              
#     disabled - No SELinux policy is loaded.                                 
SELINUX=disabled                                                              
# SELINUXTYPE= can take one of three two values:                              
#     targeted - Targeted processes are protected,                            
#     minimum - Modification of targeted policy. Only selected processes are p
rotected.                                                                     
#     mls - Multi Level Security protection.                                  
SELINUXTYPE=targeted

5.修改oracle账户密码，修改安装目录用户和所属组及权限

chmod 777 /opt/oracle  -R
chown  oracle:oinstall /opt/oracle -R

6.安装oracle 软件

./runInstaller

7.安装数据库

/etc/init.d/oracledb_ORCLCDB-18c configure

8.设置环境变量

su - oracle
vi .bash_profile
export ORACLE_BASE=/opt/oracle                                                
export ORACLE_HOME=/opt/oracle/product/18c/dbhome_1 
export NLS_DATE_FORMAT = "yyyy-mm-dd:hh24:mi:ss"
PATH=$ORACLE_HOME/bin:$PATH;                                                  
export ORACLE_SID=ORCLCDB

9.netmgr设置监听,或者手工设置相关文件

分别将tsname.ora   ，listener.ora当中的计算机名改为ip地址。
------------------------------------------------------------------
[oracle@instance-ej1hspdt ~]$ cat /opt/oracle/product/18c/dbhome_1/network/adm
in/listener.ora                                                               
# listener.ora Network Configuration File: /opt/oracle/product/18c/dbhome_1/ne
twork/admin/listener.ora                                                      
# Generated by Oracle configuration tools.                                    
LISTENER =                                                                    
  (DESCRIPTION_LIST =                                                         
    (DESCRIPTION =                                                            
      (ADDRESS = (PROTOCOL = TCP)(HOST = 172.16.0.4)(PORT = 1521))            
      (ADDRESS = (PROTOCOL = IPC)(KEY = EXTPROC1521))                         
    )                                                                         
  )

10.设置缺省账户过期时间

1.密码180天过期的问题
alter profile default limit password_life_time unlimited;  
2.登录10次密码错误账户锁定
alter profile default limit failed_login_attempts unlimited;    
3.取消段延迟特性
SQL> alter  system set deferred_segment_creation=false;  
4.密码大小写
sec_case_sensitive_logon
12c里面保持默认,不要设置为false,否则会提示密码错误
SQL> show parameter sec_case                                                  
NAME                                 TYPE        VALUE                        
------------------------------------ ----------- -----------------------------
-                                                                             
sec_case_sensitive_logon             boolean     TRUE

11.设置rlwrap,下载epel-release yum ,安装rlwrap 设置环境变量

http://download.fedoraproject.org/pub/epel
yum install rlwrap 
su - oracle
vi .bash_profile   追加
alias sqlplus='rlwrap sqlplus'                                                
alias rman='rlwrap rman'