版本信息及帮助信息
镜像命令
容器命令
其他命令
总结
docker容器数据卷
ro 限制仅可读
rw 限制仅可读写
查看所有volume的情况
所有的docker容器中的卷在没有指定目录的情况下都是挂载到 /var/lib/docker/volumes/xxxx/_data
具名挂载也是常用的挂载方式
- dockerfile
  - 命令参数

dockerfile：构建文件，源代码 dockerimages：通过dockerfile构建生成 docker容器：用来提供镜像运行的服务器

版本信息及帮助信息

docker version
docker info
docker --help

镜像命令

docker images 查看所有本地主机的镜像

[root@localhost ~]# docker images
REPOSITORY   TAG       IMAGE ID   CREATED   SIZE
镜像的仓库源    标签            镜像ID         创建时间        大小
# 扩展参数
  -a, --all      #列出所有镜像
  -q, --quiet    #只显示镜像的id

docker search 搜索镜像

[root@localhost ~]# docker search mysql
NAME                              DESCRIPTION                                     STARS     OFFICIAL   AUTOMATED
mysql                             MySQL is a widely used, open-source relation…   10999     [OK]       
mariadb                           MariaDB Server is a high performing open sou…   4165      [OK]
# 扩展参数
 --filter=STARS=3000 #搜索出来的镜像都是STRATS大于3000的
[root@localhost ~]# docker search mysql --filter=STARS=3000
NAME      DESCRIPTION                                     STARS     OFFICIAL   AUTOMATED
mysql     MySQL is a widely used, open-source relation…   10999     [OK]       
mariadb   MariaDB Server is a high performing open sou…   4165      [OK]       
[root@localhost ~]# docker search mysql --filter=STARS=5000
NAME      DESCRIPTION                                     STARS     OFFICIAL   AUTOMATED
mysql     MySQL is a widely used, open-source relation…   10999     [OK]

docker pull 下载镜像

[root@localhost ~]# docker pull mysql
Using default tag: latest    #不写tag默认是latest最新版本
latest: Pulling from library/mysql
69692152171a: Pull complete #分层下载 docker的核心就是联合文件系统
1651b0be3df3: Pull complete 
951da7386bc8: Pull complete 
0f86c95aa242: Pull complete 
37ba2d8bd4fe: Pull complete 
6d278bb05e94: Pull complete 
497efbd93a3e: Pull complete 
f7fddf10c2c2: Pull complete 
16415d159dfb: Pull complete 
0e530ffc6b73: Pull complete 
b0a4a1a77178: Pull complete 
cd90f92aa9ef: Pull complete 
Digest: sha256:d50098d7fcb25b1fcb24e2d3247cae3fc55815d64fec640dc395840f8fa80969 #签名
Status: Downloaded newer image for mysql:latest
docker.io/library/mysql:latest #真实地址
docker pull mysql == docker pull docker.io/library/mysql:latest
# 指定版本下载
[root@localhost ~]# docker pull mysql:5.7
5.7: Pulling from library/mysql
69692152171a: Already exists 
1651b0be3df3: Already exists 
951da7386bc8: Already exists 
0f86c95aa242: Already exists 
37ba2d8bd4fe: Already exists 
6d278bb05e94: Already exists 
497efbd93a3e: Already exists 
a023ae82eef5: Pull complete 
e76c35f20ee7: Pull complete 
e887524d2ef9: Pull complete 
ccb65627e1c3: Pull complete 
Digest: sha256:a682e3c78fc5bd941e9db080b4796c75f69a28a8cad65677c23f7a9f18ba21fa
Status: Downloaded newer image for mysql:5.7
docker.io/library/mysql:5.7
[root@localhost ~]# docker images
REPOSITORY   TAG       IMAGE ID       CREATED       SIZE
mysql        5.7       2c9028880e58   5 weeks ago   447MB
mysql        latest    c0cdc95609f1   5 weeks ago   556MB

docker rmi 删除镜像

docker rmi -f 容器id #删除指定容器  删除多个后边空格继续跟容器id
docker rmi -f $(docker images -aq) #删除全部的容器

容器命令

有了镜像才能创建容器

运行容器

docker run [可选参数] image
# 扩展参数
--name="name" 容器名字，例：tomcat1、tomcat2用来区分容器
-d                        后台方式运行
-it                        使用交互方式运行，进入容器查看内容
-p                        指定容器的端口 -p 8080:8080
    -p ip:主机端口:容器端口
  -p 主机端口:容器端口(常用)
  -p 容器端口
  容器端口
-P                        指定随机端口

列出所有的运行容器

docker ps 命令    #列出当前正在运行的容器
-a    #列出当前正在运行的容器以及历史运行过的容器
-n=?    #显示最近创建的容器
-q    #只显示容器的编号

退出容器

exit    #停止容器并退出
ctrl+p+q    #不停止容器退出

删除容器

docker rm 容器id    #删除指定容器，该容器如果处于运行状态用rm -f删除
docker rm -f $(docker ps -aq)    #删除所有的容器
docker ps -aq|xargs docker rm    #删除所有的容器

启动和停止容器

docker start 容器id            #启动容器
docker restart 容器id        #重启容器
docker stop 容器id    #停止当前容器
docker kill 容器id    #强制终止当前容器

其他命令

后台启动容器

docker run -d 镜像名
# docker后台运行，必须要有一个前台程序，否则会自动停止
# 例如nginx 容器启动后 发现没有提供服务 就会立即停止 就是没有程序了

查看日志

docker logs -tf --tail 容器
例：
[root@localhost ~]# docker run -it centos
[root@a8721bbc495c /]# /bin/bash -c "while true;do echo hello;sleep 1;done"
ctrl+p+q
[root@localhost ~]# docker ps
CONTAINER ID   IMAGE     COMMAND                  CREATED         STATUS         PORTS     NAMES
a8721bbc495c   centos    "/bin/bash"              3 minutes ago   Up 3 minutes             keen_wilson
191a77d995f9   centos    "/bin/bash -c 'while…"   4 minutes ago   Up 4 minutes             optimistic_wozniak
#显示日志：
-tf            #显示日志
--tail number        #显示日志条数
[root@localhost ~]# docker logs -tf --tail 10 a8721bbc495c

查看容器中进程信息

[root@localhost ~]# docker top a8721bbc495c
UID                 PID                 PPID                C                   STIME               TTY                 TIME                CMD
root                8781                8760                0                   10:22               pts/0               00:00:00            /bin/bash
root                8952                8781                0                   10:23               pts/0               00:00:00            /bin/bash -c while true;do echo hello;sleep 1;done
root                10191               8952                0                   10:31               pts/0               00:00:00            /usr/bin/coreutils --coreutils-prog-shebang=sleep /usr/bin/sleep 1

查看镜像的源数据

[root@localhost ~]# docker ps 
CONTAINER ID   IMAGE     COMMAND                  CREATED          STATUS          PORTS     NAMES
a8721bbc495c   centos    "/bin/bash"              10 minutes ago   Up 10 minutes             keen_wilson
191a77d995f9   centos    "/bin/bash -c 'while…"   11 minutes ago   Up 11 minutes             optimistic_wozniak
[root@localhost ~]# docker inspect a8721bbc495c
[
    {
        "Id": "a8721bbc495c3d2bbc82eb077108fa7a098bdc7b3bc90b8c41aa5ec25f6ef25d",
        "Created": "2021-06-17T02:22:28.214517185Z",
        "Path": "/bin/bash",
        "Args": [],
        "State": {
            "Status": "running",
            "Running": true,
            "Paused": false,
            "Restarting": false,
            "OOMKilled": false,
            "Dead": false,
            "Pid": 8781,
            "ExitCode": 0,
            "Error": "",
            "StartedAt": "2021-06-17T02:22:28.515580175Z",
            "FinishedAt": "0001-01-01T00:00:00Z"
        },
        "Image": "sha256:300e315adb2f96afe5f0b2780b87f28ae95231fe3bdd1e16b9ba606307728f55",
        "ResolvConfPath": "/var/lib/docker/containers/a8721bbc495c3d2bbc82eb077108fa7a098bdc7b3bc90b8c41aa5ec25f6ef25d/resolv.conf",
        "HostnamePath": "/var/lib/docker/containers/a8721bbc495c3d2bbc82eb077108fa7a098bdc7b3bc90b8c41aa5ec25f6ef25d/hostname",
        "HostsPath": "/var/lib/docker/containers/a8721bbc495c3d2bbc82eb077108fa7a098bdc7b3bc90b8c41aa5ec25f6ef25d/hosts",
        "LogPath": "/var/lib/docker/containers/a8721bbc495c3d2bbc82eb077108fa7a098bdc7b3bc90b8c41aa5ec25f6ef25d/a8721bbc495c3d2bbc82eb077108fa7a098bdc7b3bc90b8c41aa5ec25f6ef25d-json.log",
        "Name": "/keen_wilson",
        "RestartCount": 0,
        "Driver": "overlay2",
        "Platform": "linux",
        "MountLabel": "",
        "ProcessLabel": "",
        "AppArmorProfile": "",
        "ExecIDs": null,
        "HostConfig": {
            "Binds": null,
            "ContainerIDFile": "",
            "LogConfig": {
                "Type": "json-file",
                "Config": {}
            },
            "NetworkMode": "default",
            "PortBindings": {},
            "RestartPolicy": {
                "Name": "no",
                "MaximumRetryCount": 0
            },
            "AutoRemove": false,
            "VolumeDriver": "",
            "VolumesFrom": null,
            "CapAdd": null,
            "CapDrop": null,
            "CgroupnsMode": "host",
            "Dns": [],
            "DnsOptions": [],
            "DnsSearch": [],
            "ExtraHosts": null,
            "GroupAdd": null,
            "IpcMode": "private",
            "Cgroup": "",
            "Links": null,
            "OomScoreAdj": 0,
            "PidMode": "",
            "Privileged": false,
            "PublishAllPorts": false,
            "ReadonlyRootfs": false,
            "SecurityOpt": null,
            "UTSMode": "",
            "UsernsMode": "",
            "ShmSize": 67108864,
            "Runtime": "runc",
            "ConsoleSize": [
                0,
                0
            ],
            "Isolation": "",
            "CpuShares": 0,
            "Memory": 0,
            "NanoCpus": 0,
            "CgroupParent": "",
            "BlkioWeight": 0,
            "BlkioWeightDevice": [],
            "BlkioDeviceReadBps": null,
            "BlkioDeviceWriteBps": null,
            "BlkioDeviceReadIOps": null,
            "BlkioDeviceWriteIOps": null,
            "CpuPeriod": 0,
            "CpuQuota": 0,
            "CpuRealtimePeriod": 0,
            "CpuRealtimeRuntime": 0,
            "CpusetCpus": "",
            "CpusetMems": "",
            "Devices": [],
            "DeviceCgroupRules": null,
            "DeviceRequests": null,
            "KernelMemory": 0,
            "KernelMemoryTCP": 0,
            "MemoryReservation": 0,
            "MemorySwap": 0,
            "MemorySwappiness": null,
            "OomKillDisable": false,
            "PidsLimit": null,
            "Ulimits": null,
            "CpuCount": 0,
            "CpuPercent": 0,
            "IOMaximumIOps": 0,
            "IOMaximumBandwidth": 0,
            "MaskedPaths": [
                "/proc/asound",
                "/proc/acpi",
                "/proc/kcore",
                "/proc/keys",
                "/proc/latency_stats",
                "/proc/timer_list",
                "/proc/timer_stats",
                "/proc/sched_debug",
                "/proc/scsi",
                "/sys/firmware"
            ],
            "ReadonlyPaths": [
                "/proc/bus",
                "/proc/fs",
                "/proc/irq",
                "/proc/sys",
                "/proc/sysrq-trigger"
            ]
        },
        "GraphDriver": {
            "Data": {
                "LowerDir": "/var/lib/docker/overlay2/812cb9948235d88f8fc0c811abd47ca8dbd20e3ca3d784536277fadcd5fc3fbd-init/diff:/var/lib/docker/overlay2/e137a501531c05e69d6ed3cdfdc989dbf616ecf70460c2bd073d2d34381881e8/diff",
                "MergedDir": "/var/lib/docker/overlay2/812cb9948235d88f8fc0c811abd47ca8dbd20e3ca3d784536277fadcd5fc3fbd/merged",
                "UpperDir": "/var/lib/docker/overlay2/812cb9948235d88f8fc0c811abd47ca8dbd20e3ca3d784536277fadcd5fc3fbd/diff",
                "WorkDir": "/var/lib/docker/overlay2/812cb9948235d88f8fc0c811abd47ca8dbd20e3ca3d784536277fadcd5fc3fbd/work"
            },
            "Name": "overlay2"
        },
        "Mounts": [],
        "Config": {
            "Hostname": "a8721bbc495c",
            "Domainname": "",
            "User": "",
            "AttachStdin": true,
            "AttachStdout": true,
            "AttachStderr": true,
            "Tty": true,
            "OpenStdin": true,
            "StdinOnce": true,
            "Env": [
                "PATH=/usr/local/sbin:/usr/local/bin:/usr/sbin:/usr/bin:/sbin:/bin"
            ],
            "Cmd": [
                "/bin/bash"
            ],
            "Image": "centos",
            "Volumes": null,
            "WorkingDir": "",
            "Entrypoint": null,
            "OnBuild": null,
            "Labels": {
                "org.label-schema.build-date": "20201204",
                "org.label-schema.license": "GPLv2",
                "org.label-schema.name": "CentOS Base Image",
                "org.label-schema.schema-version": "1.0",
                "org.label-schema.vendor": "CentOS"
            }
        },
        "NetworkSettings": {
            "Bridge": "",
            "SandboxID": "c7865fbcb427643de1cfd2b50ad687f20a783b4b9e3b0e84cef9261c7c17ba98",
            "HairpinMode": false,
            "LinkLocalIPv6Address": "",
            "LinkLocalIPv6PrefixLen": 0,
            "Ports": {},
            "SandboxKey": "/var/run/docker/netns/c7865fbcb427",
            "SecondaryIPAddresses": null,
            "SecondaryIPv6Addresses": null,
            "EndpointID": "2e163e05ae2086ce979d431bc65837b3375384ba1225189b8b755e972866222c",
            "Gateway": "172.17.0.1",
            "GlobalIPv6Address": "",
            "GlobalIPv6PrefixLen": 0,
            "IPAddress": "172.17.0.3",
            "IPPrefixLen": 16,
            "IPv6Gateway": "",
            "MacAddress": "02:42:ac:11:00:03",
            "Networks": {
                "bridge": {
                    "IPAMConfig": null,
                    "Links": null,
                    "Aliases": null,
                    "NetworkID": "c010f9f097ae7d3e3a895b0dc7a3a966e6feea151f943e3833e54c883fb39d94",
                    "EndpointID": "2e163e05ae2086ce979d431bc65837b3375384ba1225189b8b755e972866222c",
                    "Gateway": "172.17.0.1",
                    "IPAddress": "172.17.0.3",
                    "IPPrefixLen": 16,
                    "IPv6Gateway": "",
                    "GlobalIPv6Address": "",
                    "GlobalIPv6PrefixLen": 0,
                    "MacAddress": "02:42:ac:11:00:03",
                    "DriverOpts": null
                }
            }
        }
    }
]

进入当前正在运行的容器(exec 新建一个终端操作，常用)

docker exec -it 容器id bashshell
#例子：
[root@localhost ~]# docker ps
CONTAINER ID   IMAGE     COMMAND                  CREATED          STATUS          PORTS     NAMES
a8721bbc495c   centos    "/bin/bash"              15 minutes ago   Up 15 minutes             keen_wilson
191a77d995f9   centos    "/bin/bash -c 'while…"   16 minutes ago   Up 16 minutes             optimistic_wozniak
[root@localhost ~]# docker exec -it a8721bbc495c /bin/bash
[root@a8721bbc495c /]# ls
bin  etc   lib      lost+found  mnt  proc  run   srv  tmp  var
dev  home  lib64  media       opt  root  sbin  sys  usr
[root@a8721bbc495c /]# ps -ef
UID         PID   PPID  C STIME TTY          TIME CMD
root          1      0  0 02:22 pts/0    00:00:00 /bin/bash
root         16      1  0 02:23 pts/0    00:00:00 /bin/bash -c while true;do echo hello;sl
root        903      0  0 02:38 pts/1    00:00:00 /bin/bash
root        929     16  0 02:38 pts/0    00:00:00 /usr/bin/coreutils --coreutils-prog-sheb
root        930    903  0 02:38 pts/1    00:00:00 ps -ef

进入当前正在运行的容器(attach 进入原来的终端操作，不会新建)

docker attach 容器id
#例子：
[root@localhost ~]# docker attach 191a77d995f9
hello
hello
hello
hello

CMD和ENTRYPOINT的区别

CMD # 指定容器启动时运行的命令，只有最后一个会生效，可替代 ENTRYPOINT # 指定容器启动时运行的命令，可以追加命令

从容器内拷贝文件到主机

docker cp 容器id:容器内路径 目的主机路径
#例子：
[root@localhost ~]# ls
anaconda-ks.cfg  initial-setup-ks.cfg  公共  模板  视频  图片  文档  下载  音乐  桌面
[root@localhost ~]# docker ps
CONTAINER ID   IMAGE     COMMAND                  CREATED          STATUS          PORTS     NAMES
a8721bbc495c   centos    "/bin/bash"              24 minutes ago   Up 24 minutes             keen_wilson
191a77d995f9   centos    "/bin/bash -c 'while…"   24 minutes ago   Up 24 minutes             optimistic_wozniak
[root@localhost ~]# docker exec a8721bbc495c /bin/bash
[root@localhost ~]# docker exec -it a8721bbc495c /bin/bash
[root@a8721bbc495c /]# cd /home
[root@a8721bbc495c home]# ls
[root@a8721bbc495c home]# touch 123.txt
[root@a8721bbc495c home]# exit
exit
[root@localhost ~]# docker cp a8721bbc495c:/home/123.txt /home
[root@localhost ~]# cd /home
[root@localhost home]# ls
123.txt  cao

总结

docker容器数据卷

将容器内的目录挂载到本地数据的持久化容器之间可以通过—volumes-from来实现数据共享

直接用命令来挂载 -v

docker run -it -v 主机目录:容器内目录
#测试
docker run -it -v /home/ceshi:/home centos /bin/bash
#起来以后可以通过docker inspect 容器id

数据卷容器数据共享

#mysql数据共享,生命周期持续到没有容器使用为止，一旦持久化到本地
docker run -d -p 3310:3306 -v /etc/mysql/conf.d -v /var/lib/mysql -e MYSQL_ROOT_PASSWORD=123456 --name mysql01 mysql:5.7
docker run -d -p 3310:3306 -e MYSQL_ROOT_PASSWORD=123456 --name mysql02 --volumes-from mysql01 mysql:5.7

实战MySQL数据持久

#pull拉取MySQL镜像
docker pull mysql:5.7
#官方运行案例：
docker run --name some-mysql -v /my/custom:/etc/mysql/conf.d -e MYSQL_ROOT_PASSWORD=123456 -d mysql:tag
#运行容器
docker run -d -p 3310:3306 -v /home/mysql/conf:/etc/mysql/conf.d -v /home/mysql/data:/var/lib/mysql -e MYSQL_ROOT_PASSWORD=123456 --name mysql01 mysql:5.7

具名和匿名挂载

-v 容器内路径 #匿名挂载 -v 卷名:容器内路径 #具名挂载 -v /宿主机路径:容器内路径 #指定路径挂载

docker run -d -P —name nginx01 -v juming-nginx:/etc/nginx:ro nginx

ro 限制仅可读
rw 限制仅可读写

具名 ```javascript [root@localhost ~]# docker run -d -P —name nginx01 -v juming-nginx:/etc/nginx nginx WARNING: IPv4 forwarding is disabled. Networking will not work. fcec760cb0fce1c5d5f618718e1afc1e045c9878b8ea8acf9d6020bbb7359711
查看所有volume的情况
[root@localhost ~]# docker volume ls DRIVER VOLUME NAME local juming-nginx [root@localhost ~]# docker volume inspect juming-nginx [ {
```
  "CreatedAt": "2021-07-19T16:49:23+08:00",
  "Driver": "local",
  "Labels": null,
  "Mountpoint": "/var/lib/docker/volumes/juming-nginx/_data",
  "Name": "juming-nginx",
  "Options": null,
  "Scope": "local"
```
} ]

所有的docker容器中的卷在没有指定目录的情况下都是挂载到 /var/lib/docker/volumes/xxxx/_data

具名挂载也是常用的挂载方式


- **匿名**
```javascript
[root@localhost ~]# docker run -P -d --name nginx00 -v /etc/nginx nginx
WARNING: IPv4 forwarding is disabled. Networking will not work.
b6d370c96836e42ee0d54f0daff04212fb00ac13ffd135f4285a75e7f593dd7b
[root@localhost ~]# docker volume ls
DRIVER    VOLUME NAME
local     1c09a343b680b1c76a9a256f29ec2ba14084d484eacf10620aef126472b8a3f4
local     juming-nginx

dockerfile

用来构建docker镜像的构造文件，实际就是命令脚本步骤： 1、写脚本文件 2、build构建镜像 3、run运行镜像 4、push发布镜像（dockerhub、阿里云镜像仓库）

#脚本中的指定都是大写，官方案例
FROM scratch
ADD centos-7-x86_64-docker.tar.xz /
LABEL \
    org.label-schema.schema-version="1.0" \
    org.label-schema.name="CentOS Base Image" \
    org.label-schema.vendor="CentOS" \
    org.label-schema.license="GPLv2" \
    org.label-schema.build-date="20201113" \
    org.opencontainers.image.title="CentOS Base Image" \
    org.opencontainers.image.vendor="CentOS" \
    org.opencontainers.image.licenses="GPL-2.0-only" \
    org.opencontainers.image.created="2020-11-13 00:00:00+00:00"
CMD ["/bin/bash"]

命令参数

FROM        # 基础镜像，最底层的镜像
MAINTAINER    # 镜像是谁写的，标准格式：姓名+邮箱
RUN            # 镜像构建的时候序言运行的命令
ADD            # 添加内容
WORKDIR        # 镜像的工作目录
VOLUME        # 镜像的挂载目录
EXPOSE        # 暴漏端口配置
CMD            # 指定容器启动的时候要运行的命令，只有最后一个会生效，可被替换
ENTRYPOINT    # 指定容器启动的时候要运行的命令，可以追加命令
ONBUILD        # 当构建一个被继承的 DockerFile 这个时候就会运行 Onbuild 指令，触发指令
COPY        # 类似ADD，将我们的文件拷贝到镜像
ENV            # 构建的时候设置的环境变量

博客专栏

常用命令

版本信息及帮助信息

镜像命令

docker images 查看所有本地主机的镜像

docker search 搜索镜像

docker pull 下载镜像

docker rmi 删除镜像

容器命令

运行容器

列出所有的运行容器

退出容器

删除容器

启动和停止容器

其他命令

后台启动容器

查看日志

查看容器中进程信息

查看镜像的源数据

进入当前正在运行的容器(exec 新建一个终端操作，常用)

进入当前正在运行的容器(attach 进入原来的终端操作，不会新建)

CMD和ENTRYPOINT的区别

从容器内拷贝文件到主机

总结

docker容器数据卷

直接用命令来挂载 -v

数据卷容器数据共享

实战MySQL数据持久

具名和匿名挂载

ro 限制仅可读

rw 限制仅可读写

查看所有volume的情况

所有的docker容器中的卷在没有指定目录的情况下都是挂载到 /var/lib/docker/volumes/xxxx/_data

具名挂载也是常用的挂载方式

dockerfile

命令参数