简述
Qt中关于样式的使用很常见,为了降低耦合性(与逻辑代码分离),我们通常会定义一个QSS文件,然后编写各种部件(例如:QLable、QLineEdit、QPushButton)的样式,最后使用QApplication进行样式加载,这样,就可以让整个应用程序就共享同一个样式。
新建QSS文件
首先,新建一个后缀名为qss的文件,例如:style.qss,将其加入资源文件(qrc)中。
提示:也可以使用绝对路径或相对路径。
编写QSS
在style.qss文件中编写自己的样式代码,例如:
QToolTip {border: 1px solid rgb(45, 45, 45);background: white;color: black;}
加载QSS
为了方便以后调用,可以写一个静态加载样式的函数:
#include <QFile>#include <QApplication>class CommonHelper{public:static void setStyle(const QString &style) {QFile qss(style);qss.open(QFile::ReadOnly);qApp->setStyleSheet(qss.readAll());qss.close();}};
然后,在主函数里进行加载:
int main(int argc, char *argv[]){QApplication a(argc, argv);// 加载QSS样式CommonHelper::setStyle("style.qss");MainWindow window;window.show();return a.exec();}
实现原理
很容易发现,原来qApp是QCoreApplication的一个单例,然后,将其转换为QApplication。
#if defined(qApp)#undef qApp#endif#define qApp (static_cast<QApplication *>(QCoreApplication::instance()))
那么,QApplication调用setStyleSheet()以后为何所有的部件样式都改变了呢?
通过逐层分析,我们发现其主要是调用了setStyle():
void QApplication::setStyle(QStyle *style){if (!style || style == QApplicationPrivate::app_style)return;QWidgetList all = allWidgets();// clean up the old styleif (QApplicationPrivate::app_style) {if (QApplicationPrivate::is_app_running && !QApplicationPrivate::is_app_closing) {for (QWidgetList::ConstIterator it = all.constBegin(), cend = all.constEnd(); it != cend; ++it) {QWidget *w = *it;if (!(w->windowType() == Qt::Desktop) && // except desktopw->testAttribute(Qt::WA_WState_Polished)) { // has been polishedQApplicationPrivate::app_style->unpolish(w);}}}QApplicationPrivate::app_style->unpolish(qApp);}QStyle *old = QApplicationPrivate::app_style; // saveQApplicationPrivate::overrides_native_style =nativeStyleClassName() == QByteArray(style->metaObject()->className());#ifndef QT_NO_STYLE_STYLESHEETif (!QApplicationPrivate::styleSheet.isEmpty() && !qobject_cast<QStyleSheetStyle *>(style)) {// we have a stylesheet already and a new style is being setQStyleSheetStyle *newProxy = new QStyleSheetStyle(style);style->setParent(newProxy);QApplicationPrivate::app_style = newProxy;} else#endif // QT_NO_STYLE_STYLESHEETQApplicationPrivate::app_style = style;QApplicationPrivate::app_style->setParent(qApp); // take ownership// take care of possible palette requirements of certain gui// styles. Do it before polishing the application since the style// might call QApplication::setPalette() itselfif (QApplicationPrivate::set_pal) {QApplication::setPalette(*QApplicationPrivate::set_pal);} else if (QApplicationPrivate::sys_pal) {clearSystemPalette();initSystemPalette();QApplicationPrivate::initializeWidgetPaletteHash();QApplicationPrivate::initializeWidgetFontHash();QApplicationPrivate::setPalette_helper(*QApplicationPrivate::sys_pal, /*className=*/0, /*clearWidgetPaletteHash=*/false);} else if (!QApplicationPrivate::sys_pal) {// Initialize the sys_pal if it hasn't happened yet...QApplicationPrivate::setSystemPalette(QApplicationPrivate::app_style->standardPalette());}// initialize the application with the new styleQApplicationPrivate::app_style->polish(qApp);// re-polish existing widgets if necessaryif (QApplicationPrivate::is_app_running && !QApplicationPrivate::is_app_closing) {for (QWidgetList::ConstIterator it = all.constBegin(), cend = all.constEnd(); it != cend; ++it) {QWidget *w = *it;if (w->windowType() != Qt::Desktop && w->testAttribute(Qt::WA_WState_Polished)) {if (w->style() == QApplicationPrivate::app_style)QApplicationPrivate::app_style->polish(w); // repolish#ifndef QT_NO_STYLE_STYLESHEETelsew->setStyleSheet(w->styleSheet()); // touch#endif}}for (QWidgetList::ConstIterator it = all.constBegin(), cend = all.constEnd(); it != cend; ++it) {QWidget *w = *it;if (w->windowType() != Qt::Desktop && !w->testAttribute(Qt::WA_SetStyle)) {QEvent e(QEvent::StyleChange);QApplication::sendEvent(w, &e);w->update();}}}#ifndef QT_NO_STYLE_STYLESHEETif (QStyleSheetStyle *oldProxy = qobject_cast<QStyleSheetStyle *>(old)) {oldProxy->deref();} else#endifif (old && old->parent() == qApp) {delete old;}if (QApplicationPrivate::focus_widget) {QFocusEvent in(QEvent::FocusIn, Qt::OtherFocusReason);QApplication::sendEvent(QApplicationPrivate::focus_widget->style(), &in);QApplicationPrivate::focus_widget->update();}}
主要分为4步:
- 清理旧样式 - unpolish()
- 初始化新样式 - polish()
- 加载新样式 - polish() + sendEvent()、update()
- 删除旧样式 - delete
通过调用QWidgetList all = allWidgets()获取了所有控件的集合,然后,利用迭代器QWidgetList::ConstIterator对每一个控件进行处理,最后,通过QApplication::sendEvent()来发送QEvent::StyleChange事件,达到全局样式更改。
