配置文件

默认路径：/etc/nginx/nginx.conf

  1. user  nobody;
  2. worker_processes  1;
  4. error_log  logs/error.log;
  5. error_log  logs/error.log  notice;
  6. error_log  logs/error.log  info;
  8. pid        logs/nginx.pid;
  10. events {
  11.   worker_connections  1024;
  12. }
  14. http {
  15.   include       mime.types;
  16.   default_type  application/octet-stream;
  18.   #log_format  main  '$remote_addr - $remote_user [$time_local] "$request" '
  19.   #                  '$status $body_bytes_sent "$http_referer" '
  20.   #                  '"$http_user_agent" "$http_x_forwarded_for"';
  22.   #access_log  logs/access.log  main;
  24.   sendfile        on;
  25.   #tcp_nopush     on;
  27.   #keepalive_timeout  0;
  28.   keepalive_timeout  65;
  30.   #gzip  on;
  32.   server {
  33.     listen       80;
  34.     server_name  localhost;
  35.     #charset koi8-r;
  36.     #access_log  logs/host.access.log  main;
  38.     location / {
  39.       root   html;
  40.       index  index.html index.htm;
  41.     }
  43.     #error_page  404              /404.html;
  44.     # redirect server error pages to the static page /50x.html
  45.     #
  46.     error_page   500 502 503 504  /50x.html;
  47.     location = /50x.html {
  48.       root   html;
  49.     }
  50.     # proxy the PHP scripts to Apache listening on 127.0.0.1:80
  51.     #
  52.     #location ~ \.php$ {
  53.     #    proxy_pass   http://127.0.0.1;
  54.     #}
  56.     # pass the PHP scripts to FastCGI server listening on 127.0.0.1:9000
  57.     #
  58.     #location ~ \.php$ {
  59.     #    root           html;
  60.     #    fastcgi_pass   127.0.0.1:9000;
  61.     #    fastcgi_index  index.php;
  62.     #    fastcgi_param  SCRIPT_FILENAME  /scripts$fastcgi_script_name;
  63.     #    include        fastcgi_params;
  64.     #}
  66.     # deny access to .htaccess files, if Apache's document root
  67.     # concurs with nginx's one
  68.     #
  69.     #location ~ /\.ht {
  70.     #    deny  all;
  71.     #}
  72.   }
  75.   # another virtual host using mix of IP-, name-, and port-based configuration
  76.   #
  77.   #server {
  78.   #    listen       8000;
  79.   #    listen       somename:8080;
  80.   #    server_name  somename  alias  another.alias;
  82.   #    location / {
  83.   #        root   html;
  84.   #        index  index.html index.htm;
  85.   #    }
  86.   #}
  88.   # HTTPS server
  89.   #
  90.   #server {
  91.   #    listen       443 ssl;
  92.   #    server_name  localhost;
  94.   #    ssl_certificate      cert.pem;
  95.   #    ssl_certificate_key  cert.key;
  97.   #    ssl_session_cache    shared:SSL:1m;
  98.   #    ssl_session_timeout  5m;
  100.   #    ssl_ciphers  HIGH:!aNULL:!MD5;
  101.   #    ssl_prefer_server_ciphers  on;
  103.   #    location / {
  104.   #        root   html;
  105.   #        index  index.html index.htm;
  106.   #    }
  107.   #}
  108. }

常用技巧

上传大文件

nginx

  1. http {
  2.     proxy_connect_timeout 300s;
  3.     proxy_send_timeout 300s;
  4.     proxy_read_timeout 300s;
  5.     client_max_body_size 100m;
  6.     client_header_timeout 300s;
  7.     client_body_timeout 300s;
  8. }
  1. location ~ \.php(.*)$ {
  2.     fastcgi_read_timeout 300s;
  3.     fastcgi_pass   127.0.0.1:9000;
  4.     fastcgi_index  index.php;
  5.     include fastcgi.conf;
  6. }

php

  1. post_max_size = 100M
  2. upload_max_filesize = 100M
  3. memory_limit = 1024M
  4. max_execution_time = 300
  5. max_input_time = 300

PHP 线程监控

查看 php-fpm 启动时间（可以得出执行了多长时间）

nginx

在相应的虚拟主机配置中添加以下内容

  1. location ~ ^/status$ {
  2.   include fastcgi_params;
  3.   fastcgi_pass 127.0.0.1:9000;
  4.   fastcgi_param SCRIPT_FILENAME $fastcgi_script_name;
  5. }

php-fpm

  1. pm.status_path = /status

配置多个域名

  1. server {
  2.     listen       80;
  3.     server_name  yuwei.cc www.yuwei.cc;#server_name 后跟多个域名用空格隔开即可
  4. }

配置多个站点

借用 Nginx 虚拟主机配置来实现，Nginx 有三种类型的虚拟主机：
基于 IP：需要服务器上有多个地址，每个站点对应不同的地址
基于端口：每个站点对应不同的端口，访问的时候需要后接:port，可以修改 listen 忽略
基于域名：server_name 填写不同的域名即可

  1. server {
  2.     listen       80;
  3.     server_name  w.yuwei.cc;
  5.     location / {
  6.         root /opt/w;
  7.         index index.html;
  8.     }
  9. }
  11. server {
  12.     listen       80;
  13.     server_name  ww.yuwei.cc;
  15.     location / {
  16.         root /opt/ww;
  17.         index index.html;
  18.     }
  19. }
  21. server {
  22.     listen       80;
  23.     server_name  www.yuwei.cc;
  25.     location / {
  26.         root /opt/www;
  27.         index index.html;
  28.     }
  29. }

开启列目录

Nginx 作为文件下载服务器存在时，需要开启 nginx 列目录

  1. server {
  2.     location download {
  3.         autoindex on;
  5.         autoindex_exact_size off;#默认为 on 显示文件的确切大小，单位是 byte，改为 off 显示文件大概大小，单位 KB 或 MB 或 GB
  6.         autoindex_localtime on;#默认为 off 显示的文件时间为 GMT 时间，改为 on 后显示文件服务器时间
  7.     }
  8.     if ($request_filename ~* ^.*?\.(txt|pdf|jpg|png)$) {#列出的指定格式文件需要先下载
  9.         add_header Content-Disposition 'attachment';
  10.     }
  11. }

禁止 IP 访问

禁止 IP 或未配置的域名访问，可以利用上边所说的default规则，将它们都转到 404 页面去

  1. server {
  2.     listen       80 default;
  3.     server_name  _;
  5.     return      404;
  6. }

上述方法较粗暴，可以将它们直接301重定向到指定的域名，相当于给站点增加了外链

  1. server {
  2.     rewrite ^/(.*)$ https://yuwei.cc/$1    permanent;
  3. }

配置默认站点

如果 Nginx 服务器上创建了多个虚拟主机，默认会从上到下查找，匹配不到虚拟主机则会返回第一个虚拟主机；如果想指定一个默认站点时，可以将这个站点的虚拟主机放在配置文件中第一个虚拟主机的位置，或者在这个站点的虚拟主机上配置listen port default

  1. server {
  2.     listen 80 default;
  3. }

404 跳转到首页

网站出现 404页面不是特别友好，我们可以通过上边的配置在出现404之后给自动跳转到首页去

返回验证文件

微信支付等服务需要放一个txt 文件到服务器上进行验证，可以直接修改配置而无需把文件传到服务器指定位置

  1. location = /XGFyic8tZB.txt {
  2.     default_type text/plain;
  3.     return 200 'd6399a83657vb225615c31c10684e6ac';
  4. }