Kubernetes - Kubernetes——Helm3 - 《CloudNative》

安装helm客户端
架构
Helm常用命令
- 仓库/repo
- search/搜索
  - helm search hub
- helm search repo
install安装
show
status状态
查看安装
uninstall卸载
升级/upgrade
回滚/rollback
template
创建/create
打包
helloworld
阿里云仓库
参考

helm定位是k8s的包管理工具,Helm 是查找、分享和使用软件构建 Kubernetes 的最优方式。

安装helm客户端

官方安装教程：https://helm.sh/docs/intro/install/

二进制

github的release地址 https://github.com/helm/helm/releases
根据平台选择下载的版本

下载发布版本

$wget -b -c  https://get.helm.sh/helm-v2.16.6-linux-amd64.tar.gz

解压当前tar文件

$ tar -zxvf helm-v2.16.6-linux-amd64.tar.gz

移动 helm 二进制文件到系统的bin目录底下

sudo mv linux-amd64/helm /usr/local/bin/helm

查看安装结果

helm version
version.BuildInfo{Version:"v3.4.0", GitCommit:"7090a89efc8a18f3d8178bf47d2462450349a004", GitTreeState:"dirty", GoVersion:"go1.15.3"}

脚本安装

安装helm3

$ curl -fsSL -o get_helm.sh https://raw.githubusercontent.com/helm/helm/master/scripts/get-helm-3
$ chmod 700 get_helm.sh
$ ./get_helm.sh

或者直接如下所示

curl https://raw.githubusercontent.com/helm/helm/master/scripts/get-helm-3 | bash

MacOS

使用brew info 命令查看helm 版本信息

$ brew info helm
helm: stable 3.4.0 (bottled), HEAD
Kubernetes package manager
https://helm.sh/
/usr/local/Cellar/helm/3.3.0 (56 files, 42.7MB) *
  Poured from bottle on 2020-10-01 at 22:27:36
From: https://mirrors.aliyun.com/homebrew/homebrew-core.git/Formula/helm.rb
License: Apache-2.0
==> Dependencies
Build: go ✘
==> Options
--HEAD
    Install HEAD version
==> Caveats
Bash completion has been installed to:
  /usr/local/etc/bash_completion.d
zsh completions have been installed to:
  /usr/local/share/zsh/site-functions

使用brew install 命令安装helm


# brew install helm
....
==> Summary
🍺  /usr/local/Cellar/helm/3.4.0: 57 files, 42.3MB
Removing: /usr/local/Cellar/helm/3.3.0... (56 files, 42.7MB)
# helm version
version.BuildInfo{Version:"v3.4.0", GitCommit:"7090a89efc8a18f3d8178bf47d2462450349a004", GitTreeState:"dirty", GoVersion:"go1.15.3"}

架构

Helm 是包管理工具,Helm 能够：

从零创建新 chart。
与存储 chart 的仓库交互，拉取、保存和更新 chart。
在 Kubemetes 集群中安装和卸载 release。
更新、回滚和测试 release。
chart
chart 是创建一个应用的信息集合，包括各种 Kubemetes 对象的配直模板、参数定义、依赖关系、文档说明等。 chart 是应用部署的自包含逻辑单元。可以将chart想象成 apt、yum 中的软件安装包。
release
release 是chart的运行实例，代表了一个正在运行的应用。当chart被安装到 Kubemetes 集群，就生成一个 release。chart能次安装到同一个集群，每次安装都是一个release
Repository
用于存储和分享打包好的应用（chart）

Helm常用命令

completion      命令补全
create          创建一个给定名称的chart
dependency      管理chart的依赖关系
env             helm环境信息
get             获取给定release的扩展信息
help            命令帮助
history         获取release历史
install         部署chart
lint            对chart进行语法检查
list            releases列表，list可简写为ls
package         打包chart
plugin          install、list、uninstall Helm插件
pull            从repo中下载chart并（可选）将其解压到本地目录
repo            add、list、remove、update、index Helm的repo
rollback        回滚release到一个以前的版本
search          查询在charts中的关键字
show            显示chart的信息
status          显示给定release的状态
template        本地渲染模板
test            测试运行release
uninstall       删除release
upgrade         升级release
verify          验证给定路径的chart是否已签名且有效
version         显示helm的版本信息

仓库/repo

添加，列出，移除，更新和索引 chart 仓库。可用子命令：add、index、 list、remove、update

Usage:
  helm repo [command]
Available Commands:
  add         add a chart repository
  index       generate an index file given a directory containing packaged charts
  list        list chart repositories
  remove      remove one or more chart repositories
  update      update information of available charts locally from chart repositories

添加仓库/add

微软仓库

微软仓库 http://mirror.azure.cn/kubernetes/charts/

$ helm repo add stable http://mirror.azure.cn/kubernetes/charts/

bitnami仓库

bitnami仓库 https://charts.bitnami.com/bitnami

官方地址 https://github.com/bitnami/charts


$ helm repo add bitnami https://charts.bitnami.com/bitnami

阿里云仓库

注意：网上很多文章介绍的阿里云： https://kubernetes.oss-cn-hangzhou.aliyuncs.com/charts
早已经不更新无法使用了。
新版本的仓库介绍网址是https://github.com/cloudnativeapp/charts

helm repo add apphub https://apphub.aliyuncs.com

更新仓库/update

$ helm repo update
Hang tight while we grab the latest from your chart repositories...
...Successfully got an update from the "stable" chart repository
Update Complete. ⎈Happy Helming!⎈

查看仓库/list

$ helm repo list
NAME      URL
stable    http://mirror.azure.cn/kubernetes/charts

删除仓库/remove

$ helm repo remove stable
"stable" has been removed from your repositories

search/搜索

根据关键字搜索 chart。可用子命令：hub、repo

helm search hub

从 Helm Hub 中搜索 charts，Helm Hub 中公开存放了大量不同版本、公开、可用的 charts。

$  helm search hub wordpress
URL                                                   CHART VERSION    APP VERSION     DESCRIPTION
https://hub.helm.sh/charts/bitnami/wordpress          10.1.5           5.6.0           Web publishing platform for building blogs and ...
https://hub.helm.sh/charts/groundhog2k/wordpress      0.2.3            5.6.0-apache    A Helm chart for Wordpress on Kubernetes
https://hub.helm.sh/charts/seccurecodebox/old-w...    2.3.0            4.0             Insecure & Outdated Wordpress Instance: Never e...
https://hub.helm.sh/charts/presslabs/wordpress-...    0.10.5           0.10.5          Presslabs WordPress Operator Helm Chart
https://hub.helm.sh/charts/presslabs/wordpress-...    0.10.3           v0.10.3         A Helm chart for deploying a WordPress site on ...
https://hub.helm.sh/charts/seccurecodebox/wpscan      2.3.0            latest          A Helm chart for the WordPress security scanner...
https://hub.helm.sh/charts/presslabs/stack            0.10.3           v0.10.3         Open-Source WordPress Infrastructure on Kubernetes

https://hub.helm.sh 目前重定向到artifacthub，artifacthub可以查找第三方开源的chart,其官方地址：https://artifacthub.io/

图片.png

直接搜索nginx，如下所示
图片.png

helm search repo

helm search repo 从已经添加到本地的仓库列表中搜索 charts。

 $helm search repo nginx
NAME                                CHART VERSION    APP VERSION    DESCRIPTION
bitnami/nginx                       8.2.3            1.19.6         Chart for the nginx server
bitnami/nginx-ingress-controller    7.0.6            0.42.0         Chart for the nginx Ingress controller
helm/nginx-ingress                  1.41.3           v0.34.1        DEPRECATED! An nginx Ingress controller that us...
helm/nginx-ldapauth-proxy           0.1.6            1.13.5         DEPRECATED - nginx proxy with ldapauth
helm/nginx-lego                     0.3.1                           Chart for nginx-ingress-controller and kube-lego
stable/nginx-ingress                1.41.3           v0.34.1        DEPRECATED! An nginx Ingress controller that us...
stable/nginx-ldapauth-proxy         0.1.6            1.13.5         DEPRECATED - nginx proxy with ldapauth
stable/nginx-lego                   0.3.1                           Chart for nginx-ingress-controller and kube-lego
bitnami/kong                        3.1.0            2.2.1          Kong is a scalable, open source API layer (aka ...
helm/gcloud-endpoints               0.1.2            1              DEPRECATED Develop, deploy, protect and monitor...
stable/gcloud-endpoints             0.1.2            1              DEPRECATED Develop, deploy, protect and monitor...

install安装

helm install my-db bitnami/mariadb

show

查看 chart 详细信息。可用子命令：all、chart、readme、values
eg:

$helm show chart bitnami/mariadb
annotations:
  category: Database
apiVersion: v2
appVersion: 10.5.8
dependencies:
- name: common
  repository: https://charts.bitnami.com/bitnami
  tags:
  - bitnami-common
  version: 1.x.x
description: Fast, reliable, scalable, and easy to use open-source relational database
  system. MariaDB Server is intended for mission-critical, heavy-load production systems
  as well as for embedding into mass-deployed software. Highly available MariaDB cluster.
home: https://github.com/bitnami/charts/tree/master/bitnami/mariadb
icon: https://bitnami.com/assets/stacks/mariadb/img/mariadb-stack-220x234.png
keywords:
- mariadb
- mysql
- database
- sql
- prometheus
maintainers:
- email: containers@bitnami.com
  name: Bitnami
name: mariadb
sources:
- https://github.com/bitnami/bitnami-docker-mariadb
- https://github.com/prometheus/mysqld_exporter
- https://mariadb.org
version: 9.1.4

部署之前可以自定义 package 的选项,查询mysql 支持的选项


$ helm show values bitnami/mariadb

status状态

查看上述信息

$ helm status my-db                                                                                                                                                                                     [11:49:15]

查看安装

 helm list
NAME                NAMESPACE    REVISION    UPDATED                                 STATUS      CHART          APP VERSION
mysql-1606727896    default      1           2020-11-30 17:18:19.262412 +0800 CST    deployed    mysql-1.6.9    5.7.30

uninstall卸载

$ helm uninstall mysql-1606727896
release "mysql-1606727896" uninstalled

升级/upgrade

# 升级
helm upgrade --set mysqlRootPassword=passwd db-mysql stable/mysql

回滚/rollback

helm rollback db-mysql 1

template

本地呈现模板

创建/create

创建一个新的 chart

$helm create hello-chart

打包

$helm package hello-chart

helloworld

安装仓库

$helm repo add bitnami https://charts.bitnami.com/bitnami
"bitnami" has been added to your repositories

安装nginx

$helm install my-nginx bitnami/nginx
....
NGINX can be accessed through the following DNS name from within your cluster:
    my-nginx.default.svc.cluster.local (port 80)
To access NGINX from outside the cluster, follow the steps below:
1. Get the NGINX URL by running these commands:
  NOTE: It may take a few minutes for the LoadBalancer IP to be available.
        Watch the status with: 'kubectl get svc --namespace default -w my-nginx'
    export SERVICE_PORT=$(kubectl get --namespace default -o jsonpath="{.spec.ports[0].port}" services my-nginx)
    export SERVICE_IP=$(kubectl get svc --namespace default my-nginx -o jsonpath='{.status.loadBalancer.ingress[0].ip}')
    echo "http://${SERVICE_IP}:${SERVICE_PORT}

查看svc,默认是localhost的端口上

$kubectl get svc
NAME         TYPE           CLUSTER-IP     EXTERNAL-IP   PORT(S)        AGE
my-nginx     LoadBalancer   10.96.20.174   localhost     80:32550/TCP   73s

查看list

$helm list
NAME        NAMESPACE    REVISION    UPDATED                                STATUS      CHART          APP VERSION
my-nginx    default      1           2020-12-28 22:48:09.71222 +0800 CST    deployed    nginx-8.2.3    1.19.6

修改配置参数

$helm upgrade --set metrics.enabled=true my-nginx bitnami/nginx
$helm list
NAME        NAMESPACE    REVISION    UPDATED                                 STATUS      CHART          APP VERSION
my-nginx    default      2           2020-12-28 23:07:29.715498 +0800 CST    deployed    nginx-8.2.3    1.19.6

查看历史版本

$helm history  my-nginx
REVISION    UPDATED                     STATUS        CHART          APP VERSION    DESCRIPTION
1           Mon Dec 28 22:48:09 2020    superseded    nginx-8.2.3    1.19.6         Install complete
2           Mon Dec 28 23:07:29 2020    deployed      nginx-8.2.3    1.19.6         Upgrade complete

数据回滚

$helm rollback my-nginx 1
Rollback was a success! Happy Helming!
$helm history my-nginx
REVISION    UPDATED                     STATUS        CHART          APP VERSION    DESCRIPTION
1           Mon Dec 28 22:48:09 2020    superseded    nginx-8.2.3    1.19.6         Install complete
2           Mon Dec 28 23:07:29 2020    superseded    nginx-8.2.3    1.19.6         Upgrade complete
3           Mon Dec 28 23:16:37 2020    deployed      nginx-8.2.3    1.19.6         Rollback to 1

卸载

$helm uninstall my-nginx
release "my-nginx" uninstalled

阿里云仓库

helm默认路径

By default, the default directories depend on the Operating System. The defaults are listed below:
| Operating System | Cache Path                | Configuration Path             | Data Path               |
|------------------|---------------------------|--------------------------------|-------------------------|
| Linux            | $HOME/.cache/helm         | $HOME/.config/helm             | $HOME/.local/share/helm |
| macOS            | $HOME/Library/Caches/helm | $HOME/Library/Preferences/helm | $HOME/Library/helm      |
| Windows          | %TEMP%\helm               | %APPDATA%\helm                 | %APPDATA%\helm          |

macos数据安装的地址是$HOME/Library/helm
插件安装地址就是$HOME/Library/helm/plugins
helm push 地址就是 $HOME/Library/helm/plugins/helm-push/bin

阿里云仓库地址 https://repomanage.rdc.aliyun.com/my/helm-repos/namespaces
图片.png

参考

https://blog.csdn.net/miss1181248983/article/details/108285276

Kubernetes——Helm3

安装helm客户端

二进制

脚本安装

MacOS

架构

chart

release

Repository

Helm常用命令

仓库/repo

添加仓库/add

微软仓库

bitnami仓库

阿里云仓库

更新仓库/update

查看仓库/list

删除仓库/remove

search/搜索

helm search hub

helm search repo

install安装

show

status状态

查看安装

uninstall卸载

升级/upgrade

回滚/rollback

template

创建/create

打包

helloworld

阿里云仓库

参考