1 简介

Go语言内置的net/http包提供了HTTP客户端和服务端的实现

resp, err := http.Get("http://example.com/")
...
resp, err := http.Post("http://example.com/upload", "image/jpeg", &buf)
...
resp, err := http.PostForm("http://example.com/form",
    url.Values{"key": {"Value"}, "id": {"123"}})

程序在使用完response后必须关闭回复的主体。

resp, err := http.Get("http://example.com/")
if err != nil {
    // handle error
}
defer resp.Body.Close()
body, err := ioutil.ReadAll(resp.Body)
// ...

2 GET请求示例

(1) client.go

func main() {
    apiUrl := "http://127.0.0.1:9090/get"
    // URL param
    data := url.Values{}
    data.Set("name", "小王子")
    data.Set("age", "18")
    u, err := url.ParseRequestURI(apiUrl)
    if err != nil {
        fmt.Printf("parse url requestUrl failed, err:%v\n", err)
    }
    u.RawQuery = data.Encode() // URL encode
    fmt.Println(u.String())
    resp, err := http.Get(u.String())
    if err != nil {
        fmt.Printf("post failed, err:%v\n", err)
        return
    }
    defer resp.Body.Close()
    b, err := ioutil.ReadAll(resp.Body)
    if err != nil {
        fmt.Printf("get resp failed, err:%v\n", err)
        return
    }
    fmt.Println(string(b))
}

(2) server.go

package main
import (
    "fmt"
    "net/http"
)
func main() {
    http.HandleFunc("/get", getHandler)
    _ = http.ListenAndServe("127.0.0.1:9090", nil)
}
func getHandler(w http.ResponseWriter, r *http.Request) {
    defer r.Body.Close()
    data := r.URL.Query()
    fmt.Println(data.Get("name"))
    fmt.Println(data.Get("age"))
    answer := `{"status": "ok"}`
    w.Write([]byte(answer))
}

3 Post请求示例

(1) client.go

package main
import (
    "fmt"
    "io/ioutil"
    "net/http"
    "strings"
)
// net/http post demo
func main() {
    url := "http://127.0.0.1:9090/post"
    // 表单数据
    //contentType := "application/x-www-form-urlencoded"
    //data := "name=小王子&age=18"
    // json
    contentType := "application/json"
    data := `{"name":"小王子","age":18}`
    resp, err := http.Post(url, contentType, strings.NewReader(data))
    if err != nil {
        fmt.Printf("post failed, err:%v\n", err)
        return
    }
    defer resp.Body.Close()
    b, err := ioutil.ReadAll(resp.Body)
    if err != nil {
        fmt.Printf("get resp failed, err:%v\n", err)
        return
    }
    fmt.Println(string(b))
}

(2) server.go

package main
import (
    "fmt"
    "net/http"
)
func main() {
    http.HandleFunc("/post", postHandler)
    _ = http.ListenAndServe("127.0.0.1:9090", nil)
}
func postHandler(w http.ResponseWriter, r *http.Request) {
    defer r.Body.Close()
    // 1. 请求类型是application/x-www-form-urlencoded时解析form数据
    r.ParseForm()
    fmt.Println(r.PostForm) // 打印form数据
    fmt.Println(r.PostForm.Get("name"), r.PostForm.Get("age"))
    // 2. 请求类型是application/json时从r.Body读取数据
    b, err := ioutil.ReadAll(r.Body)
    if err != nil {
        fmt.Printf("read request.Body failed, err:%v\n", err)
        return
    }
    fmt.Println(string(b))
    answer := `{"status": "ok"}`
    w.Write([]byte(answer))
}