Nginx 基于请求头的分发

1、基于host分发

#nginx分发器设置
http {
  upstream web1 {   # 名为web1的反向代理群组
    server server1;
  }
  upstream web2 {   # 名为web2的反向代理群组
    server server2;
  }
  server {    # web1虚拟主机
    listen 80;
    server_name www.web1.com;    # 基于域名分发必须有域名
    location / {
      proxy_pass http://web1; 
    }
  }
  server {    # web2虚拟主机
    listen 80;
    server_name www.web2.com;    # 基于域名分发必须有域名 
    location / {
      proxy_pass http://web2; 
    }
  }
}

2、基于开发语言分发

# 分发器上nginx配置
http {
  upstream php {
    server server1; 
  }
  upstream asp {
    server server2;
  }
  upstream html {
    server server2;
  }
  server {
    location ~* \.php$ {    # 以php结尾的
      proxy_pass http://php;
    } 
    location ~* \.asp$ {    # 以asp结尾的
      proxy_pass http://asp;
    } 
    location ~* \.html$ {   # 以html结尾的
      proxy_pass http://html;
    }
  }
}

3、基于浏览器分发

upstream curl { 
  server server1; 
}
upstream firefox { 
  server server2; 
}
upstream other { 
  server server3; 
}
server {
  listen 80;
  server_name www.web1.com;
  location / {
    proxy_pass http://other;
    if ( $http_user_agent ~* curl ) {
      proxy_pass http://curl;
    }
    if ( $http_user_agent ~* firefox ) {
      proxy_pass http://firefox;
    }
  }
}

4、基于源IP分

upstream bj.server {
  server server1;    # web01
}
upstream sh.server {
  server server2;      # web02
}
upstream default.server {
  server server3;      # web03
}
geo $geo {       # IP库
  default default;
  server1 bj;    # 北京
  server2 sh;   # 上海
}
server {
  listen  80;
  server_name   www.web1.com;
  location / {
    proxy_pass http://$geo.server$request_uri;
  }
}

5、根据http header转发到不同的服务

http {
  map $http_custom_header $backend_name {
    default       backend1;
    "version2.0"  backend2;
  }
  upstream backend1 {
    server backend1.example.com;
  }
  upstream backend2 {
    server backend2.example.com;
  }
  server {
    listen 80;
    location / {
      proxy_pass http://$backend_name;
      proxy_set_header Host $host;
      proxy_set_header X-Real-IP $remote_addr;
      proxy_set_header X-Forwarded-For $proxy_add_x_forwarded_for;
      proxy_set_header X-Forwarded-Proto $scheme;
    }
  }
}

也可以如下配置

map $http_accept $version {
  default "";
  "application/vnd.demo.v2.0+json" "v2.0";
}
upstream backend1 {
  server backend1.example.com;
}
upstream backend2 {
  server backend2.example.com;
}
server {
  listen                    80;
  server_name               olive.com;
  charset                   utf-8;
  autoindex                 off;
  location / {
    proxy_set_header Host $host;
    proxy_set_header X-Real-IP $remote_addr;
    proxy_set_header X-Forwarded-For $proxy_add_x_forwarded_for;
    proxy_set_header X-Forwarded-Proto $scheme;
    proxy_set_header X-Forwarded-Port $server_port;
    proxy_set_header X-Forwarded-Ssl on;
    if ($version="v2.0"){
      proxy_pass      http://backend2;
      break;
    }
    proxy_pass      http://backend1;
  }
}