SQL 快速参考

  1. SQL 语句    语法
  2. -- AND / OR    
  3. SELECT column_name(s)
  4. FROM table_name
  5. WHERE condition
  6. AND|OR condition
  8. -- ALTER TABLE    
  9. ALTER TABLE table_name
  10. ADD column_name datatype
  11. or
  13. ALTER TABLE table_name
  14. DROP COLUMN column_name
  16. -- AS (alias)    
  17. SELECT column_name AS column_alias
  18. FROM table_name
  19. or
  21. SELECT column_name
  22. FROM table_name AS table_alias
  25. BETWEEN    SELECT column_name(s)
  26. FROM table_name
  27. WHERE column_name
  28. BETWEEN value1 AND value2
  29. CREATE DATABASE    CREATE DATABASE database_name
  30. CREATE TABLE    CREATE TABLE table_name
  31. (
  32. column_name1 data_type,
  33. column_name2 data_type,
  34. column_name2 data_type,
  35. ...
  36. )
  37. CREATE INDEX    CREATE INDEX index_name
  38. ON table_name (column_name)
  39. or
  41. CREATE UNIQUE INDEX index_name
  42. ON table_name (column_name)
  44. CREATE VIEW    CREATE VIEW view_name AS
  45. SELECT column_name(s)
  46. FROM table_name
  47. WHERE condition
  48. DELETE    DELETE FROM table_name
  49. WHERE some_column=some_value
  50. or
  52. DELETE FROM table_name
  53. (Note: Deletes the entire table!!)
  55. DELETE * FROM table_name
  56. (Note: Deletes the entire table!!)
  58. DROP DATABASE    DROP DATABASE database_name
  59. DROP INDEX    DROP INDEX table_name.index_name (SQL Server)
  60. DROP INDEX index_name ON table_name (MS Access)
  61. DROP INDEX index_name (DB2/Oracle)
  62. ALTER TABLE table_name
  63. DROP INDEX index_name (MySQL)
  64. DROP TABLE    DROP TABLE table_name
  65. GROUP BY    SELECT column_name, aggregate_function(column_name)
  66. FROM table_name
  67. WHERE column_name operator value
  68. GROUP BY column_name
  69. HAVING    SELECT column_name, aggregate_function(column_name)
  70. FROM table_name
  71. WHERE column_name operator value
  72. GROUP BY column_name
  73. HAVING aggregate_function(column_name) operator value
  74. IN    SELECT column_name(s)
  75. FROM table_name
  76. WHERE column_name
  77. IN (value1,value2,..)
  78. INSERT INTO    INSERT INTO table_name
  79. VALUES (value1, value2, value3,....)
  80. or
  82. INSERT INTO table_name
  83. (column1, column2, column3,...)
  84. VALUES (value1, value2, value3,....)
  86. INNER JOIN    SELECT column_name(s)
  87. FROM table_name1
  88. INNER JOIN table_name2
  89. ON table_name1.column_name=table_name2.column_name
  90. LEFT JOIN    SELECT column_name(s)
  91. FROM table_name1
  92. LEFT JOIN table_name2
  93. ON table_name1.column_name=table_name2.column_name
  94. RIGHT JOIN    SELECT column_name(s)
  95. FROM table_name1
  96. RIGHT JOIN table_name2
  97. ON table_name1.column_name=table_name2.column_name
  98. FULL JOIN    SELECT column_name(s)
  99. FROM table_name1
  100. FULL JOIN table_name2
  101. ON table_name1.column_name=table_name2.column_name
  102. LIKE    SELECT column_name(s)
  103. FROM table_name
  104. WHERE column_name LIKE pattern
  105. ORDER BY    SELECT column_name(s)
  106. FROM table_name
  107. ORDER BY column_name [ASC|DESC]
  108. SELECT    SELECT column_name(s)
  109. FROM table_name
  110. SELECT *    SELECT *
  111. FROM table_name
  112. SELECT DISTINCT    SELECT DISTINCT column_name(s)
  113. FROM table_name
  114. SELECT INTO    SELECT *
  115. INTO new_table_name [IN externaldatabase]
  116. FROM old_table_name
  117. or
  119. SELECT column_name(s)
  120. INTO new_table_name [IN externaldatabase]
  121. FROM old_table_name
  123. SELECT TOP    SELECT TOP number|percent column_name(s)
  124. FROM table_name
  125. TRUNCATE TABLE    TRUNCATE TABLE table_name
  126. UNION    SELECT column_name(s) FROM table_name1
  127. UNION
  128. SELECT column_name(s) FROM table_name2
  129. UNION ALL    SELECT column_name(s) FROM table_name1
  130. UNION ALL
  131. SELECT column_name(s) FROM table_name2
  132. UPDATE    UPDATE table_name
  133. SET column1=value, column2=value,...
  134. WHERE some_column=some_value
  135. WHERE    SELECT column_name(s)
  136. FROM table_name
  137. WHERE column_name operator value