享元模式（Flyweight）

目的

利用共享的方式来支持大量细粒度的对象，这些对象一部分内部状态是相同的。

类图

• Flyweight：享元对象
• IntrinsicState：内部状态，享元对象共享内部状态
• ExtrinsicState：外部状态，每个享元对象的外部状态不同

实现

public interface Flyweight {
    void doOperation(String extrinsicState);
}
public class ConcreteFlyweight implements Flyweight {
    private String intrinsicState;
    public ConcreteFlyweight(String intrinsicState) {
        this.intrinsicState = intrinsicState;
    }
    @Override
    public void doOperation(String extrinsicState) {
        System.out.println("Object address: " + System.identityHashCode(this));
        System.out.println("IntrinsicState: " + intrinsicState);
        System.out.println("ExtrinsicState: " + extrinsicState);
    }
}
public class FlyweightFactory {
    private HashMap<String, Flyweight> flyweights = new HashMap<>();
    Flyweight getFlyweight(String intrinsicState) {
        if (!flyweights.containsKey(intrinsicState)) {
            Flyweight flyweight = new ConcreteFlyweight(intrinsicState);
            flyweights.put(intrinsicState, flyweight);
        }
        return flyweights.get(intrinsicState);
    }
}
public class Client {
    public static void main(String[] args) {
        FlyweightFactory factory = new FlyweightFactory();
        Flyweight flyweight1 = factory.getFlyweight("aa");
        Flyweight flyweight2 = factory.getFlyweight("aa");
        flyweight1.doOperation("x");
        flyweight2.doOperation("y");
    }
}
运行结果
Object address: 1163157884
IntrinsicState: aa
ExtrinsicState: x
Object address: 1163157884
IntrinsicState: aa
ExtrinsicState: y

JDK中的体现

Java 利用缓存来加速大量小对象的访问时间。

• java.lang.Integer#valueOf(int)
• java.lang.Boolean#valueOf(boolean)
• java.lang.Byte#valueOf(byte)
• java.lang.Character#valueOf(char)