1.5.1 在Win10上准备centos7
和大家说明一下,我们的目的仅仅是要安装一个centos7,然后在centos7上安装docker如果搞不定vagrant+virtualbox的方式,也可以直接使用VM搭建一个centos7或者你可以直接使用一台云服务器,上面安装了centos7毕竟我们的目的只是为了得到一个centos7的机器,所以不必花太多精力在这个问题上折腾我上课用的环境是【win10 64位VirtualBox-6.0.12-133076-Win [已上传到网盘的“上课课件/virtualbox”目录]vagrant_2.2.6_x86_64 [已上传到网盘的“上课课件/vagrant”目录]centos7 [已上传到网盘的“上课课件”目录]XShell6】
采坑指南:如果安装过程碰到一些问题,我特地给大家准备了一份手记,放在gper上
https://gper.club/articles/7e7e7f7ff7g58gc1g6e
采用vagrant+virtual box
1.5.1.1 下载安装vagrant
01 访问Vagrant官网https://www.vagrantup.com/02 点击DownloadWindows,MacOS,Linux等03 选择对应的版本04 傻瓜式安装05 命令行输入vagrant,测试是否安装成功
1.5.1.2 下载安装virtual box
01 访问VirtualBox官网https://www.virtualbox.org/02 选择左侧的“Downloads”03 选择对应的操作系统版本04 傻瓜式安装05 [win10中若出现]安装virtualbox快完成时立即回滚,并提示安装出现严重错误(1)打开服务(2)找到Device Install Service和Device Setup Manager,然后启动(3)再次尝试安装
1.5.1.3 安装centos7
01 创建centos7文件夹,并进入其中[目录全路径不要有中文字符]02 在此目录下打开cmd,运行vagrant init centos/7此时会在当前目录下生成Vagrantfile,同时指定使用的镜像为centos/7,关键是这个镜像在哪里,我已经提前准备好了,名称是virtualbox.box文件03 将virtualbox.box文件添加到vagrant管理的镜像中(1)下载网盘中的virtualbox.box文件(2)保存到磁盘的某个目录,比如D:\virtualbox.box(3)添加镜像并起名叫centos/7:vagrant box add centos/7 D:\virtualbox.box(4)vagrant box list 查看本地的box[这时候可以看到centos/7]04 centos/7镜像有了,根据Vagrantfile文件启动创建虚拟机来到centos7文件夹,在此目录打开cmd窗口,执行vagrant up[打开virtual box观察,可以发现centos7创建成功]05 以后大家操作虚拟机,还是要在centos文件夹打开cmd窗口操作vagrant halt 优雅关闭vagrant up 正常启动06 vagrant常用命令(1)vagrant ssh进入刚才创建的centos7中(2)vagrant status查看centos7的状态(3)vagrant halt停止/关闭centos7(4)vagrant destroy删除centos7(5)vagrant status查看当前vagrant创建的虚拟机(6)Vagrantfile中也可以写脚本命令,使得centos7更加丰富但是要注意,修改了Vagrantfile,要想使正常运行的centos7生效,必须使用vagrant reload
至此,使用vagrant+virtualbox搭建centos7完成,后面可以修改Vagrantfile对虚拟机进行相应配置
1.5.1.4 若想通过Xshell连接centos7
01 使用centos7的默认账号连接在centos文件夹下执行vagrant ssh-config关注:Hostname Port IdentityFileIP:127.0.0.1port:2222用户名:vagrant密码:vagrant文件:Identityfile指向的文件private-key02 使用root账户登录vagrant ssh 进入到虚拟机中sudo -ivi /etc/ssh/sshd_config修改PasswordAuthentication yespasswd修改密码,比如abc123systemctl restart sshd使用账号root,密码abc123进行登录
1.5.1.5 Vagrantfile通用写法
# -*- mode: ruby -*-# vi: set ft=ruby :# All Vagrant configuration is done below. The "2" in Vagrant.configure# configures the configuration version (we support older styles for# backwards compatibility). Please don't change it unless you know what# you're doing.Vagrant.configure("2") do |config|# The most common configuration options are documented and commented below.# For a complete reference, please see the online documentation at# https://docs.vagrantup.com.# Every Vagrant development environment requires a box. You can search for# boxes at https://vagrantcloud.com/search.config.vm.box = "centos/7"# Disable automatic box update checking. If you disable this, then# boxes will only be checked for updates when the user runs# `vagrant box outdated`. This is not recommended.# config.vm.box_check_update = false# Create a forwarded port mapping which allows access to a specific port# within the machine from a port on the host machine. In the example below,# accessing "localhost:8080" will access port 80 on the guest machine.# NOTE: This will enable public access to the opened port# config.vm.network "forwarded_port", guest: 80, host: 8080# Create a forwarded port mapping which allows access to a specific port# within the machine from a port on the host machine and only allow access# via 127.0.0.1 to disable public access# config.vm.network "forwarded_port", guest: 80, host: 8080, host_ip: "127.0.0.1"# Create a private network, which allows host-only access to the machine# using a specific IP.# config.vm.network "private_network", ip: "192.168.33.10"# Create a public network, which generally matched to bridged network.# Bridged networks make the machine appear as another physical device on# your network.config.vm.network "public_network"# Share an additional folder to the guest VM. The first argument is# the path on the host to the actual folder. The second argument is# the path on the guest to mount the folder. And the optional third# argument is a set of non-required options.# config.vm.synced_folder "../data", "/vagrant_data"# Provider-specific configuration so you can fine-tune various# backing providers for Vagrant. These expose provider-specific options.# Example for VirtualBox:## config.vm.provider "virtualbox" do |vb|# # Display the VirtualBox GUI when booting the machine# vb.gui = true## # Customize the amount of memory on the VM:# vb.memory = "1024"# endconfig.vm.provider "virtualbox" do |vb|vb.memory = "4000"vb.name= "jack-centos7"vb.cpus= 2end## View the documentation for the provider you are using for more# information on available options.# Enable provisioning with a shell script. Additional provisioners such as# Puppet, Chef, Ansible, Salt, and Docker are also available. Please see the# documentation for more information about their specific syntax and use.# config.vm.provision "shell", inline: <<-SHELL# apt-get update# apt-get install -y apache2# SHELLend
1.5.1.6 box的打包分发
01 退出虚拟机vagrant halt02 打包vagrant package --output first-docker-centos7.box03 得到first-docker-centos7.box04 将first-docker-centos7.box添加到其他的vagrant环境中vagrant box add first-docker-centos7 first-docker-centos7.box05 得到Vagrantfilevagrant init first-docker-centos706 根据Vagrantfile启动虚拟机vagrant up [此时可以得到和之前一模一样的环境,但是网络要重新配置]
1.5.2 安装docker
01 进入centos7vagrant ssh02 卸载之前的dockersudo yum remove docker \docker-client \docker-client-latest \docker-common \docker-latest \docker-latest-logrotate \docker-logrotate \docker-engine03 安装必要的依赖sudo yum install -y yum-utils \device-mapper-persistent-data \lvm204 设置docker仓库 [设置阿里云镜像仓库可以先自行百度,后面课程也会有自己的docker hub讲解]sudo yum-config-manager \--add-repo \https://download.docker.com/linux/centos/docker-ce.repo[访问这个地址,使用自己的阿里云账号登录,查看菜单栏左下角,发现有一个镜像加速器:https://cr.console.aliyun.com/cn-hangzhou/instances/mirrors]05 安装dockersudo yum install -y docker-ce docker-ce-cli containerd.io06 启动dockersudo systemctl start docker07 测试docker安装是否成功sudo docker run hello-world
1.5.3 docker基本体验
01 创建tomcat容器docker pull tomcatdocker run -d --name my-tomcat -p 9090:8080 tomcat02 创建mysql容器docker run -d --name my-mysql -p 3301:3306 -e MYSQL_ROOT_PASSWORD=jack123 --privileged mysql03 进入到容器里面docker exec -it containerid /bin/bash
1.5.4 可能有的疑惑
(1)docker pull在哪拉取的镜像?
默认是在hub.docker.com
(2)docker pull tomcat拉取的版本是?
默认是最新的版本,可以在后面指定版本":"
(3)简单先说一下命令咯
docker pull 拉取镜像到本地docker run 根据某个镜像创建容器-d 让容器在后台运行,其实就是一个进程--name 给容器指定一个名字-p 将容器的端口映射到宿主机的端口docker exec -it 进入到某个容器中并交互式运行
docker 常用命令
docker 安装mysqldocker pull mysqldocker run -d --name mysql01 -p 3301:3306 -e MYSQL_ROOT_PASSWORD=root --privileged mysqldocker ps 查看查看已运行的容器docker container lsdocker psdocker container ls -a 获取所有的容器进入容器命令docker exec -it 容器id或者容器名称 /bin/bash退出容器exit启动已创建的容器docker start 容器id/容器名称
navicat 连接mysql8 遇到的问题
问题原因
通过查看网上别人遇到的相关问题,发现是由于navicat版本的问题,出现连接失败的原因:mysql8 之前的版本中加密规则是mysql_native_password,而在mysql8之后,加密规则是caching_sha2_password。并提供了两种解决方案
1.升级navicat,由于navicat是收费的,个人感觉升级会比较麻烦点。
2.把用户密码登录的加密规则还原成mysql_native_password这种加密方式,本人选择第二种解决方案
问题解决
ALTER USER 'root'@'localhost' IDENTIFIED BY 'password' PASSWORD EXPIRE NEVER;这里的password是你正在使用的密码ALTER USER 'root'@'localhost' IDENTIFIED WITH mysql_native_password BY 'password';#更新一下用户的密码这里的password为你修改的新密码。FLUSH PRIVILEGES; #刷新权限,使自己的修改生效。select user,host,plugin from user where user='root';alter user 'root'@'%' identified by 'password' password expire never;alter user 'root'@'%' identified with mysql_native_password by 'why';//why是自己新修改的密码。flush privileges;再次刷新一下权限配置。--------------------------------------------alter user 'root'@'localhost' identified by 'root' password expire never;alter user 'root'@'localhost' identified with mysql_native_password by 'root';FLUSH PRIVILEGES;alter user 'root'@'%' identified by 'root' password expire never;alter user 'root'@'%' identified with mysql_native_password by 'root';FLUSH PRIVILEGES;
